Your menstrual cycle is a complex process involving hormonal changes that prepare your body for possible pregnancy. At different times during the cycle, you may have symptoms like abdominal cramps, mood swings, and changes in energy level. Menstrual disorders, such as dysmenorrhea (painful periods) and menorrhagia (heavy bleeding), can have a big impact on your daily life. Depending on what’s causing these disorders, they can be treated with lifestyle adjustments, medications, or — in some cases — surgery.
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FAQ
What are the common symptoms of PMS?
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can affect your body and emotions. Common symptoms include mood swings, bloating, fatigue, headaches, constipation or diarrhea, irritability, and trouble concentrating.
How can I relieve menstrual cramps?
Relief from menstrual cramps can come from over-the-counter pain relievers, heat application, and gentle exercise. Your doctor may suggest hormonal birth control.
When should I see a doctor for heavy bleeding?
See a doctor if you soak through a pad or tampon every hour for several hours, bleeding lasts more than a week, or you pass large clots. These could be signs of a condition such as fibroids or a bleeding disorder.
What causes irregular periods?
Causes of irregular periods include hormone imbalances, stress, weight changes, and medical conditions including diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome.
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Kara Smythe, MD
Medical Reviewer
Kara Smythe, MD, has been working in sexual and reproductive health for over 10 years. Dr. Smythe is a board-certified fellow of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecolog...
Justin Laube, MD, is a board-certified integrative and internal medicine physician, a teacher, and a consultant with extensive expertise in integrative health, medical education, a...
John Paul McHugh, MD, is an obstetrician-gynecologist and lifestyle medicine specialist in southern California. He has always placed wellness at the center of his work, in both del...
Lindsey Marcellin, MD, MPH is an internal medicine specialist with extensive clinical experience in multiple practice settings. Dr. Marcellin is a past medical director of both fee...
Heidi Green, MD, is board certified in psychiatry, addiction medicine, and lifestyle medicine. She currently divides her time between maintaining a small private practice and worki...
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