The Pros, Cons, and Considerations of Taking Ozempic or Other Drugs for Weight Loss

Many people who have struggled to lose weight their entire lives have found the new generation of GLP-1 weight loss drugs exceptionally helpful. But if you’ve been considering asking your doctor for a prescription, there are some things you should know first.

Here’s what experts say about research on the effectiveness of semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy); the similar GIP/GLP-1 medication, tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound); and the new nonpeptide GLP-1, orforglipron (Foundayo). Plus, learn more about when to consider them for weight loss.

How Ozempic and GLP-1 Drugs Work

Ozempic and similar drugs have several functions that make them helpful for managing diabetes and weight loss.

Decreasing Hunger and Increasing Satiety

Many weight loss drugs of the past had questionable results, but semaglutide, tirzepatide, and orforglipron may be game changers for weight management.

Lowering Blood Sugar and Slowing Digestion

Quieting Food Noise

Lowering Body Weight

Evidence also shows that medications like semaglutide, tirzepatide, and orforglipron are much more efficacious, meaning they lead to a higher total body weight loss more quickly than other medications that clinicians have historically prescribed to treat obesity, says Rekha Kumar, MD, associate professor of clinical medicine and attending endocrinologist at Weill Cornell Medical College in New York City.

Semaglutide and Similar Medications for Weight Loss

While semaglutide and other GLP-1 medications are quite effective for weight loss, not everyone is a suitable candidate for them. Doctors primarily prescribe Ozempic as a diabetes treatment. But the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the same drug as an overweight and obesity treatment under the brand name Wegovy.

Who Should Use Ozempic or Similar Medications for Weight Loss?

In addition, if you use semaglutide, tirzepatide, or orforglipron, that doesn’t mean you can forget about following a healthy lifestyle. “People should always pursue a healthy diet for their overall cardiometabolic health and for adequate nutritional status,” says Dr. Kumar. “No medication or supplement can counteract the effects of a bad diet.” Regular exercise, good hydration, and quality sleep are other habits crucial for overall health and better weight loss results.

As for who is a good candidate for these drugs, there are no official criteria. “Right now we use BMI combined with other medical conditions to determine eligibility for a medication,” says Gudzune. She says that anyone with a BMI of 30 or greater or anyone who has a BMI of at least 27 plus another weight-associated medical condition (such as high blood pressure) is a potential candidate for medication. But it’s important for anyone considering medicated weight loss to discuss the options with a knowledgeable healthcare provider.

The Realities of Weight Loss

If you’ve attempted weight loss in the past only to find pounds creeping back onto your frame, you know that it’s rarely easy.

“Obesity is a complex condition — so many factors contribute to its occurrence (and reoccurrence) over time, and these factors are not the same for all people,” says Gudzune.

It can be frustrating and discouraging when someone repeatedly fails at weight loss or loses only to regain. These new classes of drugs have been giving those people hope. “For people who have not had success with lifestyle alone or have been previously unsuccessful with other medications, these medications offer a new option that may support their health goals,” Gudzune says.

But some celebrities and people who may not really need them are using the weight loss medications somewhat inappropriately. While these folks may talk a lot about their success with Ozempic for weight loss, it’s important to remember that no one strategy is a magic bullet for shedding pounds.

Side Effects and Other Factors to Consider

If you do decide to give Ozempic or another similar medication a try, be aware that while they may seem like miracle drugs, they are not without downsides. Here are some factors to consider.

Cost

Delivery Method

Treatment Length

Once you start taking weight loss medications, you’ll likely need to stay on them to maintain results. “Patients considering any anti-obesity medication as a treatment option should be prepared to take these medications long term — [that’s how] we see the best outcomes in the scenario for achieving and, most importantly, sustaining all the health benefits achieved,” says Gudzune.

Side Effects

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Constipation

• Dizziness
• Increased heart rate
• Infection
• Headaches
• Mild itchiness or redness at the injection site

Your Other Health Conditions

Some evidence suggests that people with certain other medical conditions should avoid these drugs, too. “People who have a history or family history of a rare thyroid cancer (medullary thyroid carcinoma) should not use this medication,” says Gudzune. Similarly, anyone with a history of pancreatitis should discuss the safety of these medications with a healthcare provider.

Finally, individuals with a history of disordered eating should discuss the drugs with their doctor and therapist before starting.

Unknowns

As prescription drugs go, semaglutide and tirzepatide are relatively new, so there’s a lot we still don’t know about them. Studies have not documented the effects of decades-long use of semaglutide, tirzepatide, or orforglipron.

Kumar points out that there’s minimal research on their effects on people with normal weight. “While it is true that taking [these drugs] may benefit those with overweight or obesity, testing hasn’t assessed the effects of Ozempic in those without obesity — meaning people who want to lose those extra ‘vanity pounds.’ So there’s no way to know what sort of weight loss or side effects can happen with inappropriate use.”

Remember, too, that as effective as these medications may be, they can’t solve emotional issues related to eating and weight. Depending on your relationship to food, it may be best to approach weight loss from a more comprehensive perspective that addresses the physical and the emotional.