The 10 Best Air Fryers We Tested in 2026

Meet the 10 Air Fryers That Passed the Crisp Test

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When it comes to dinnertime, my air fryer has become the unsung hero of my kitchen. On chaotic weeknights, I know I can rely on it to rescue my dinner repertoire with crispy, juicy chicken tenders, golden french fries, or charred broccoli that even the pickiest of eaters will enjoy, all in under 10 minutes. On any given night, my air fryer is cranking out delicious meals for the whole family.

Not only are air fryers efficient — they can also help you make smarter choices at mealtime. An air fryer cooks food using hot, circulating air, thereby achieving a crisp, fried texture without excess oil. And newer models can roast, dehydrate, or even steam food, making this far more helpful than just another cumbersome, single-use appliance.

If you’ve been considering an air fryer or are interested in a model that does more, we’re here to help. We put over a dozen to the test, air-frying, baking, proofing, steaming, and roasting to see which could take the heat. We also spoke to a registered dietitian, a cooking expert, and a food blogger to get the scoop on how air fryers work and what we should know about these versatile appliances.

From large-capacity to nontoxic to smart ovens with air-frying capability, this guide features the best air fryers we could find. From our kitchen to yours, here’s what our team of testers loves and recommends. Happy cooking!

Our Top Picks for the Air Fryers

air fryer

Best Design and Function

Our Place Large Wonder Oven

Pros

  • 32-quart capacity
  • Preheats in under four minutes
  • Features six cooking modes
  • Can accommodate three trays at once
  • Uses steam infusion technology to circulate hot air
  • PFAS-free interior

Cons

  • Some users may prefer a digital display
  • Takes up a bit of counter space 

Key Specs

  • Size/dimensions: 13.25 inches deep, 16.7 inches wide, 13 inches high
  • Types of cooking methods: Air-fry, bake, roast, broil, toast, reheat
  • Capacity: 32 quarts
  • Temperature range: 200 to 450 degrees F

Editor and tester Katie Tuttle has owned her Wonder Oven for about a year, and it’s become a permanent fixture in her kitchen. The 1,700-watt oven features a generous 32-quart capacity that can accommodate three cooking trays at once, a thoughtful design that may appeal to families or larger households. The Wonder Oven has six cooking modes — air-frying, baking, roasting, broiling, toasting, and reheating — and a clever cap at the top lets you add water to create hot steam, revitalizing the crispy exterior on leftovers.

The simple and straightforward design makes the Wonder Oven user-friendly (and nice to look at). The three dials on the facade manually control the temperature, cooking modes, and cooking times with a zero to 60-minute timer. Constructed of stainless steel with a large glass viewing window, the interior is free of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and the oven includes a chromed steel air fryer basket, a wire rack, an aluminum nonstick ceramic-coated baking pan, and a stainless steel crumb tray.

Tuttle is a fan of this large oven’s versatility, which can accommodate a whole chicken, a single sheet of cookies, or three racks of a variety of foods at once. While the generous capacity is great for cooking many items, Tuttle points out that you cannot cook more than one type of food at once if those foods require different temperatures.

“This operates like an air fryer toaster oven, so it justifies the amount of space it takes up on my countertop!” she says, adding that she likes the “aesthetic, the amount of different settings, and how evenly it cooks.” Tuttle finds that it’s a great alternative to using her oven, especially in the warmer months. She uses this air fryer all the time, from reheating french fries — “it’s the only thing that gets them crispy again”— to broiling sandwiches to roasting Brussels sprouts and broccoli. She typically only needs to shake or flip the food when using a sheet pan; otherwise, she finds that the wire racks allow air to flow evenly. In terms of noise, Tuttle doesn’t find it particularly noisy, and the exterior does not get hot, though there is some heat from the side vents that you have to be aware of, she notes.

Overall, she finds the Wonder Oven to be low maintenance when it comes to cleaning, especially the nonstick sheet pan, and she appreciates the plate at the bottom of the oven that protects the heating elements, “so you’re not as likely to get burnt bits of food stuck underneath.” And the metal racks are dishwasher-safe.

The Wonder Oven comes in attractive colors like Char, Steam, Blue Salt, and Spice, and it is available in a 12.6-quart model if you prefer a smaller footprint. Regardless of size, for straightforward functionality, intuitive design, and aesthetics, we think the Our Place Wonder Oven fits the bill and will look great on any countertop. 

Best Digital Display

Kalorik Air Fryer Vivid Touch Series 5

$124.99 at Amazon
$159.99Now 22% Off

Pros

  • High-resolution touchscreen
  • Uses smart technology based on food type
  • More than 200 presets
  • Viewing window
  • Auto shake reminder
  • Multiple operating languages

    Cons

    • 5-quart capacity may be too small for larger households
    • Only heats up to 400 degrees F

    Key Specs

    • Size/dimensions: 15.68 inches deep, 11.47 inches wide, 12.41 inches high
    • Types of cooking methods: Air-fry, bake, roast, grill
    • Capacity: 5 quarts
    • Temperature range: 180 to 400 degrees F

    With an intuitive, high-resolution touchscreen featuring more than 200 food presets across 12 categories, this Kalorik air fryer is ideal for precise air-frying at the touch of your fingertips. This 1,200-watt, five-quart air fryer customizes cooking by taking into account food type, weight, quantity, cut, and fresh or frozen items, and it begins cooking within seconds.

    With a large touch screen at the top of the facade, it’s easy to toggle through the various cooking presets and drill down to precisely what you need, whether it’s arepas, a halibut fillet, or two chicken drumsticks. Customers can choose between a light or dark display option and multiple operating languages, including English, Spanish, French, and Mandarin, as well as Celsius or Fahrenheit temperature settings.

    Tester Amy Sowder van Erk made chicken fingers, green beans, shrimp, cauliflower, fries, and Brussels sprouts. She found that, overall, the food was “crispy and relatively evenly cooked,” but she adds, “make sure to shake [the basket] in the middle of the cooking time.” Fortunately, the Kalorik has an automatic shake reminder and a ready-alert feature, so you can stay on top of your cooking.

    The Kalorik air fryer is available in five- and seven-quart options. Sowder van Erk, who tested the five-quart one, liked that she could cook enough of one part of dinner for four people at once, cutting down on dinner prep, but she notes that she wasn’t able to cook an entire dinner at once. So, for larger households, you may want to opt for the seven-quart model.

    Sowder van Erk also appreciated how quietly the air fryer operated and that the exterior barely heated up. In terms of care, she found the interior simple to clean, as was the basket and tray, which are nonstick and PFAS-free. While the manufacturer says that it’s dishwasher-safe, Sowder van Erk preferred hand-washing the basket to preserve valuable space in her dishwasher, noting that “nothing sticks that much, so it’s easy [to clean] by hand.”

    Overall, Sowder van Erk was pleased with its speed and usability. “I like how fast it cooks and how easy it is to use,” she says, adding that the quick cleanup made it ideal. She continues to use the Kalorik several times a week for quick, healthy dinners for the entire family.

    air fryer

    Best Budget

    Cosori TurboBlaze 6.0-Quart Air Fryer

    Pros

    • User-friendly
    • Excellent cooking results
    • Comes with a recipe book
    • Can power on for up to 24 hours
    • Helpful preheat mode
    • Automatic shut off
    • Dishwasher-safe

      Cons

      • No automatic shake reminder
      • Small bits of food occasionally get stuck in tray

      Key Specs

      • Size/dimensions: 11.8 inches deep, 14.4 inches wide, 11.9 inches high
      • Types of cooking methods: Air-fry, roast, bake, broil, dehydrate, frozen, proof, reheat, keep warm
      • Capacity: 6 quarts
      • Temperature range: 90 to 450 degrees F

      While the Cosori TurboBlaze is our best budget pick, there’s nothing budget about it. In fact, the Cosori was one of my favorite air fryers overall, due to its efficiency, usability, and excellent cooking results, along with a good price point.

      This 1,725-watt air fryer is powered by a direct-current motor with five fan speeds, can heat to 450 degrees F, and can cook for up to 24 hours (ideal for dehydrating foods). This model features nine cook modes: air-fry, roast, bake, broil, dehydrate, frozen, proof, reheat, and keep warm. I found that the six-quart capacity basket was perfect for my household of four.

      The Cosori TurboBlaze was intuitive and straightforward to use. I appreciated the large, functional buttons that light up when pressed, and having the control panel on the upper facade made it easy to operate without having to lean over the top, as with some other models I tested. Simply select the cooking method, set the time and temperature, then press start. Cosori recommends using the preheat mode before cooking at higher temperatures. I typically would preheat before air-frying, and I loved that the basket was hot and ready to go. There is also a safety button on the basket handle that must be depressed to remove the basket, and I liked that the air fryer would automatically shut off when the basket is removed.

      During testing, I cooked shrimp, chicken nuggets, french fries, carrots, salmon, and tofu; reheated pancakes; and proofed sourdough — and had fabulous results with all. The frozen french fries may have cooked best; they turned out noticeably crispier than those from the other air fryers, while still having a fluffy interior. I was also impressed with how tender and al dente the carrots turned out, despite being thick and unevenly cut.

      Just use caution with small pieces of food, because some items — like thin fries — did get stuck or fall through the crisper tray. I also recommend using scratch-safe tongs to remove your cooked food, as the crisper tray (and your food) can fall out despite the rubber corner protectors that keep it in place.

      I found the nonstick ceramic coating to be a cinch to clean, and both the basket and crisper tray can be washed in the dishwasher. The interior crisping tray has a thoughtful ergonomic raised loop in the middle, which makes it easier to grab and remove, and the rubber corners protect the tray from scratching the basket.

      The Cosori TurboBlast comes in a black matte finish that I liked too. And if you’re unsure what to air fry, the Cosori comes with a recipe book, and the outer package includes a QR code that leads to an app with recipes, so you can start cooking immediately.

      precision cooker

      Best Splurge

      Anova Precision Oven 2.0

      Pros

      • Internal camera recognizes food items for seamless cooking
      • 12 cooking modes, including sous vide
      • App for remote cooking
      • Scannable barcode technology for automatic cook times and temp
      • Low-maintenance cleaning

        Cons

        • Weighs more than 50 pounds
        • Racks can’t accommodate a full-sized sheet pan 

        Key Specs

        • Size/dimensions: 20 inches deep, 22.9 inches wide, 14.1 inches high
        • Types of cooking methods: Air-fry, bake, convection bake, steam, steam bake, steam roast, sous vide, dry sous vide, broil, proof, dehydrate, manual
        • Capacity: 1.2 cubic feet (approximately 31 quarts)
        • Temperature range: 77 to 482 degrees F

        Yes, an air fryer that costs nearly $1,300 and weighs 52 pounds is a big investment, but we think the Anova Precision Oven 2.0 is worth exploring, especially for the foodie fanatic (we’re looking at you, sous vide enthusiasts). The Anova is a smart oven that’s powered by steam and features a whopping 12 cooking modes: bake, convection bake, steam, steam bake, steam roast, air-fry, sous vide, dry sous vide, broil, proof, dehydrate, and a manual setting. It can also heat to an impressive 482 degrees F, putting it at the top of our list for upper temperature range.

        If you’re tech savvy or appreciate a lot of bonus features, this oven offers plenty of bells and whistles, like precision cooking, a Wi-Fi connection, integrated cooking guides, an internal camera that identifies food and meals and recommends cooking times, and an app that can scan thousands of recipes and grocery barcodes for quick and intuitive cooking.

        The oven has a digital display, a 10-cup water reservoir for the steam component, and a wide glass window so you can watch your food cook in real time, plus you can cook remotely using the app. Editor Lili Ladaga liked having the various cooking modes at her fingertips, so that you can “cook a wider variety of meals than you can with a traditional oven” but all in one appliance.

        The Anova may be an ideal smart oven for a smaller household. It comes with two racks and one sheet pan so that you can cook multiple types of food. Ladaga notes that while the oven cannot accommodate a full-size sheet pan, it could easily cook a small chicken. She felt that this oven was appropriate for cooking for one to two people at a time.

        During testing, Ladaga made plenty of vegetables, including broccoli, baby potatoes, red peppers and onions, french fries, and chicken tenders. It took a bit of trial and error, so count on having a bit of a learning curve in terms of getting the temperature just right, she remarks. But she was particularly pleased with the way the broccoli came out: “perfectly crisped and a little charred in some spots (but in a good way).”

        Ladaga notes that the oven does get a bit noisy, but she says that it wasn’t too distracting. The exterior also gets hot, she warns, so make sure you follow the manufacturer’s recommendations and place it at least four inches away from cabinets, walls, and other appliances.

        In terms of care, Ladaga found the Anova simple to clean, especially the interior. “It’s basically a small oven with an air fryer function, so it’s as easy as opening the door and wiping the inside down,” she says. She notes that the heating element at the top and bottom flip up and down, so you can reach any splatters on the top and bottom, and the accompanying tray was a cinch to clean.

        If you have the budget (and the counter space) and enjoy experimenting with recipes, then this oven is worth the splurge. And if you’re not satisfied, Anova offers a 100-day money-back guarantee. 

        air fryer

        Best Smart Oven Air Fryer

        Breville Smart Oven Air Fryer Pro

        Pros

        • Has more than 10 cooking modes
        • Excellent air fryer capabilities
        • User-friendly and intuitive to operate
        • Comes with useful accessories
        • Automatic tray ejector

          Cons

          • Pricey
          • Large and heavy

          Key Specs

          • Size/dimensions: 17.3 inches deep, 21.4 inches wide, 12.7 inches high
          • Types of cooking methods: Air-fry, toast, bagel, broil, bake, roast, warm, pizza, proof, reheat, cookies, slow cook, dehydrate
          • Capacity: 1 cubic foot (approximately 26 quarts)
          • Temperature range: 80 to 480 degrees F

          The Breville Smart Oven Air Fryer Pro has been living on my kitchen counter for six months, and I may never part with it. Hands down, this all-in-one countertop oven gets more use than my traditional oven. From toasting bagels to air-frying chicken tenders to proofing bread to cooking a frozen pizza (this might be the most popular setting), we use our Breville almost daily.

          This 1,800-watt smart oven features 13 cooking modes, including air-frying, toasting, roasting, baking, reheating, and dehydrating, with a temperature range of 80 to 480 degrees F. The oven uses “Element IQ” technology for precise temperature control and a convection fan to circulate hot air, heating foods evenly.

          I find this oven very intuitive to operate; simply use the dials to set the cooking mode, temperature, and time, and you’re good to go. The oven automatically preheats and beeps when it’s ready and turns off when the timer is done, so you don’t have to worry about burning your toast. The outer markings on the glass door show you where to insert the baking trays or fryer basket for the best heating and cooking results, and the automatic tray ejector is helpful too, so that you don’t have to reach into the oven and risk burning your hands.

          When it comes to air-frying, this oven does a great job. The air fryer mesh basket is wide and shallow, so it can accommodate plenty of food without overlapping. The set also includes a roasting pan, so you can collect any drippings, sauce, or bits. We routinely air-fry frozen french fries, chicken tenders, homemade sweet potato fries, and other veggies, and we’re always impressed by the moist interior and crispy exterior.

          The smart oven also comes with two baking racks, an air fryer basket, a roasting pan, and a pizza steel. Other thoughtful features include a removable crumb tray, an automatic air fryer rotation reminder, and a frozen pizza button for that extra-crispy crust. It’s not noticeably loud, and it doesn’t emit too much heat, so I feel safe having it on when the kids are in the kitchen. If you’re looking for an appliance that could replace and elevate your basic toaster oven while also offering air-frying capabilities, this is it.

          air fryer

          Best Nontoxic

          GreenPan Cyclone 7-Quart Top-View Air Fryer

          Pros

          • PFAS-free, nontoxic, nonstick coating
          • Large viewing window
          • Automatic shake reminder
          • Dishwasher-safe
          • 7-quart capacity was great for a family of four

            Cons

            • Controls are toward the back of the appliance
            • Setting the cooking modes takes a bit of time
            • Cleaning the interior of the viewing window can be awkward

            Key Specs

            • Size/dimensions: 18 inches deep, 12 inches wide, 11 inches high
            • Types of cooking methods: Air-fry, grill, broil, reheat, roast, bake
            • Capacity: 7 quarts
            • Temperature range: 180 to 400 degrees F

            When it comes to healthy air-frying, the GreenPan Cyclone is our top pick. Constructed with a PFAS-free, nonstick ceramic coating, the Cyclone uses a clean heat halogen to power and circulate air in seconds, cutting down on cooking time. (The company boasts that it can heat up to 400 degrees F in just four seconds.) The 1,700-watt Cyclone features a deep, seven-quart capacity basket and has 12 one-touch settings, including air-fry, broil, grill, chicken, fries, and fish.

            Besides the nontoxic elements, one of my favorite aspects of this air fryer is the large viewing window at the top of the appliance, which makes it fun to watch in real time as your food cooks. The automatic preset “shake” setting is also helpful. I liked that the oven temporarily turns off when the basket is pulled out, as a safety mechanism, then it revs back up once the basket is replaced. Plus, it was a breeze to adjust the cooking time while the GreenPan was on; it was as simple as pressing the “up” or “down” button.

            Overall, I observed very good results with this air fryer. We tested the GreenPan with a variety of foods, such as french fries, defrosted cod, bacon, French toast sticks, and chicken tenders.

            We had excellent results with the cod, which we defrosted and brushed with avocado oil and Old Bay seasoning. While the cod pieces varied in shape and thickness, the fish cooked well, didn’t emit any fishy odor, and was tender and flavorful. We also tested defrosted shrimp with the preset “shrimp” cooking mode and were pleased with the results. The shrimp came out tender and moist with tons of flavor. Other items, like the bacon, needed a bit more time to crisp up, but otherwise we had favorable results.

            The GreenPan sounds a bit like an air purifier that revs up as it cooks. It’s noticeable but not obnoxious. The air fryer also makes several loud beeps when the cooking timer is done, which is helpful, especially if you step away from the kitchen.

            The nonstick ceramic coating make the drawer and crisping tray simple to clean. Two built-in finger holes make the crisping tray easy to grab, and rubber corner stoppers keep it steady (and scratch-free) as you pull it in and out. And if there is a lot of buildup, the drawer and tray are dishwasher-safe. However, over time, the interior of the viewing window does get greasy, so you may have to stick your hand in to clean it out, which can be a bit awkward (just make sure the appliance is off and cool). Otherwise, this high-powered air fryer is a fabulous nontoxic option that the whole family can feel safe using. 

            Air fryer

            Best for Families

            Ninja Foodi 8-Quart 2-Basket Air Fryer

            Pros

            • Two baskets for dual cooking
            • Includes a “match cook” setting
            • Large 8-quart capacity
            • Excellent cooking results
            • Simple to clean

              Cons

              • Heavy in weight
              • It’s loud

              Key Specs

              • Size/dimensions: 13.86 inches deep, 15.63 inches wide, 12.4 inches high
              • Types of cooking methods: Air-fry, air-broil, roast, bake, reheat, dehydrate
              • Capacity: 8 quarts
              • Temperature range: 105 to 450 degrees F

              For me, one of the shortcomings of air fryers is trying to cook multiple items at once with various cook times or temperatures. But that’s not the case with this Ninja Foodi eight-quart air fryer, thanks to the ingenious two-basket design, which is ideal for families or larger households. Each basket has a four-quart capacity, and it features six cooking modes (air-fry, air-broil, roast, bake, reheat, and dehydrate) and 15 recipe presets.

              Editor and tester Ashley Ziegler uses her Ninja Foodi several times a week and loves the ease of use and dual baskets for simultaneous cooking. “It’s great for chicken nuggets and fries for my kids,” she says, “[or a] quick meal for me or my husband when we’re too tired to cook a big meal.”

              She regularly cooks all kinds of food in it, including chicken, fries, veggies, breakfast sausage, crescent rolls, and soft pretzels. “Basically if it can be air-fried, we’ve probably done it,” Zielger says. And the results are excellent. “I don’t know that I’ve ever run into it undercooking anything, and it rarely overcooks,” says Ziegler.

              And with the dual baskets, it’s a breeze to cook larger quantities of food, even up to four pounds of french fries. Ziegler likes the ability to cook at the same or different temperatures and settings for each basket. “There’s also a ‘match cook’ option so both baskets are done at the same time, even if they’re set to different temperatures or times (I have no idea how it does this).”

              A word of caution, if you have sensitive ears, the Ninja Foodi can get loud (Ziegler says she sometimes wears noise-canceling earbuds when it’s on) and the exterior does get warm, but not burn-your-hand hot.

              On the plus side, Ziegler finds that the baskets are pretty simple to clean. Each air fryer basket has a removable crisper tray that’s dishwasher-friendly, and the baskets clean up thoroughly with some dish soap and water. “Even when we cook messier foods, they clean up well,” she says.

              For midsize families looking to streamline dinner with multiple components for supreme multitask cooking, the Ninja Foodi eight-quart is our pick for you. 

              air fryer

              Best for Beginners

              West Bend 10-Quart Dual Zone Air Fryer

              Pros

              • Intuitive and easy to use
              • 10-quart size is ideal for larger households
              • Dual cooking options
              • Convenient “sync finish” cook mode for simultaneous cook times
              • Two viewing windows

                Cons

                • Only heats up to 400 degrees F
                • May be too large for smaller kitchens

                Key Specs

                • Size/dimensions: 14.21 inches deep, 15.75 inches wide, 12.6 inches high
                • Types of cooking methods: Air-fry, bake, broil, dehydrate, frozen, preheat, reheat, roast, keep warm
                • Capacity: 10 quarts
                • Temperature range: 90 to 400 degrees F

                If you’re just dipping your toe into the world of air fryers and independent cooking, we think the West Bend is an excellent option for novice cooks, college students, and young adults, thanks to its ease of use, convenient cooking features, and generous capacity.

                The West Bend is a 1,600-watt, 10-quart air fryer with two five-quart baskets and two PFAS-free grills. The air fryer features 15 presets — including air-fry, bake, broil, dehydrate, frozen, preheat, reheat, and roast — as well as settings for chicken, vegetables, and fish.

                For writer Ysolt Usigan, this air fryer proved versatile and convenient for her household of four. She liked being able to cook two things at once, like frozen sweet potato fries in one basket and marinated barbecue pork in the other basket. It also has dual-temperature control, so you can set temperatures for each side, and a “sync finish” feature that lets you cook two different items at different cook times and have them finish at the same time. The sizable 10-quart capacity was also ideal for her. “I love that it’s not tiny, so I can use it to cook a meal for my family of four,” she says.

                During testing, Usigan found that her food cooked evenly, and she recommends shaking and flipping the basket mid-cook to get the food browned and crispy on all sides. The West Bend also features a glass viewing window and light that may give newer air fryer users added confidence when cooking. “I love that you can turn the light on and see the inside through the glass window for each side,” she says. Usigan found that the West Bend wasn’t very noisy either, noting that “it sounded like the hum of a fan,” and she says that the outside got warm while cooking, but never too hot.

                When it comes to care, Usigan found it straightforward to clean. “The baskets are removable, and I was able to rinse each side easily in the kitchen sink separately. It was also nonstick, so food remnants slid right off.”

                For cooking novices or those wanting a basic air fryer model, we think the West Bend is a solid choice for beginners who also want to practice feeding a crowd. 

                air fryer

                Best Small Air Fryer

                Thyme & Table 6-Quart Air Fryer

                Pros

                • Weighs under 15 pounds
                • Viewing window and light
                • Shake reminder
                • We like the brass handle
                • Choose from a variety of exterior colors
                • Easy to clean

                  Cons

                  • Tester noted that browning proteins took extra time
                  • Less versatility for high-heat cooking

                  Key Specs:

                  • Size/dimensions: 16 inches deep, 12 inches wide, 13 inches high
                  • Types of cooking methods: Air-fry, dehydrate, roast, reheat, bake
                  • Capacity: 6 quarts
                  • Temperature range: 140 to 450 degrees F

                  Apartment dwellers and smaller households will appreciate this compact and lightweight Thyme & Table six-quart air fryer, which won’t take up valuable countertop real estate (or cabinet space). And with a svelte weight of less than 15 pounds, you can use this air fryer as needed and easily store it away when it’s not in use.

                  The 1,800-watt Thyme & Table air fryer features five cook modes — air-fry, dehydrate, roast, reheat, bake — as well as five presets, for poultry, fries, fish, vegetables, and meat. The unique “ThymeCrisp” technology mode heats food to 450 degrees F for the last five minutes of cooking to create an extra-crispy exterior. The viewing window and light make it fun to watch food cook, and the shake reminder is helpful too.

                  Usigan tried browning steak, and while cooking a protein took a bit of trial and error, she’d recommend this air fryer for “frying frozen things like french fries.” Even though the “ThymeCrisp” setting goes up to 450 degrees F, Usigan says she wasn’t able to increase the baseline cooking temperature beyond 400 degrees F, and she wished it would go higher to achieve a nice broil. However, she liked that this air fryer wasn’t noisy and that the outside didn’t get hot at all.

                  It was also low maintenance. “It was very easy to clean — inside and out,” Usigan says. She found the air fryer basket to be very light and compact, and she could easily clean it with just a rinse and a light brush.

                  For Usigan, the petite size was also a win, especially when she wanted to heat up sides. “I like that it’s also not enormous, so that it can fit in a busy kitchen, no problem,” she says.

                  She also raved about the design, saying, “I love how sleek and chic it looks.” And we agree. We liked the variety of exterior color options — including Sand White, Slate Gray, and Atlantic Blue — all with an attractive brass handle. So, if the no-broil factor isn’t a deal-breaker, we think this compact model is still worth considering (and it’s nice to look at as well). 

                  Best Large-Capacity

                  Ninja DoubleStack XL 10-Quart 2-Basket Air Fryer

                  Pros

                  • 10-quart capacity
                  • Slimmer footprint
                  • Dual stacked basket for four cooking areas
                  • Smart thermometer
                  • Automatically shuts off

                    Cons

                    • Pricey
                    • Not ideal for smaller households

                    Key Specs

                    • Size/dimensions: 11.25 inches deep, 19.22 inches wide, 15.14 inches high
                    • Types of cooking methods: Air-fry, broil, bake, roast, dehydrate, reheat
                    • Capacity: 10 quarts
                    • Temperature range: 105 to 450 degrees F

                    Easily feed a crowd or a larger family with the Ninja DoubleStack XL 10-quart air fryer, the big kahuna of air fryers. Like the Ninja Foodi, this 1,690-watt air fryer features two five-quart baskets — but with this model, the baskets are stacked (not side by side), so the footprint is slimmer. And each basket has a removable grill tray so you can cook up to four different kinds of food at once, yet it’s still large enough to accommodate two five-pound chickens. This model also features six cooking modes: air-fry, broil, bake, roast, dehydrate, and reheat.

                    Tuttle, who has owned this air fryer for a year, loves that it can “handle a huge amount of food.” With a hefty 10-quart capacity and two cooking baskets, she can “fit a whole chicken in one basket and enough potatoes for four people in the other.” And, the two baskets allow you to cook two different foods at different temperatures at the same time. There is also an integrated internal thermometer, meaning you don’t have to guess on doneness. While she didn’t need to shake or flip the food, she warns against overfilling the basket because, if you’re looking for crisp food, you “will have less optimal results.”

                    Tuttle loves that while this air fryer can cook a significant amount of food, it has slim, space-saving profile that takes up less room on the countertop. The “smart finish” setting even lets you program it so both foods are fully cooked at the same time, making your dinner plans that much easier to manage, she explains. “There’s also a “match cook” feature that lets you cook the same food in two baskets without having to set the time and temperature separately,” she says. And while you can hear the Ninja running, she notes it’s no louder than a microwave, so it’s not very distracting.

                    Overall, this air fryer is pretty low maintenance to clean. Tuttle says that the baskets and interior trays are nonstick, but the internal wire racks are not. It can be a bit of a hassle to pop the inner trays out of the baskets, due to the silicone “feet” that keep the trays from scratching the baskets’ interiors, but it’s still manageable.

                    For households that love air-frying and want to customize cooking with hefty portions, the Ninja DoubleStack is a good bet.

                    Comparison Table

                    Superlative
                    Cooking Modes
                    Capacity
                    Best design and function
                    • Air-fry
                    • Bake
                    • Roast
                    • Broil
                    • Toast
                    • Reheat

                    32 quarts
                    Best digital display
                    • Air-fry 
                    5 quarts
                    Best budget
                    • Air-fry
                    • Roast
                    • Bake
                    • Broil
                    • Dehydrate
                    • Frozen
                    • Proof
                    • Reheat
                    • Keep warm
                    6 quarts
                    Best splurge 
                    • Air-fry
                    • Bake
                    • Convection bake
                    • Steam
                    • Steam bake
                    • Steam roast
                    • Sous vide
                    • Dry sous vide
                    • Broil
                    • Proof
                    • Dehydrate
                    • Manual
                    1.2 cubic feet (approximately 31 quarts)
                    Best smart oven air fryer
                    • Air-fry
                    • Toast
                    • Bagel
                    • Broil
                    • Bake
                    • Roast
                    • Warm
                    • Pizza
                    • Proof
                    • Reheat
                    • Cookies
                    • Slow cook
                    • Dehydrate
                    1 cubic foot (approximately 26 quarts)
                    Best nontoxic
                    • Air-fry
                    • Grill
                    • Broil
                    • Reheat
                    • Roast
                    • Bake
                    7 quarts
                    Best for families
                    • Air-fry
                    • Air-broil
                    • Roast
                    • Bake
                    • Reheat
                    • Dehydrate
                    8 quarts
                    Best for beginners
                    • Air-fry
                    • Bake
                    • Broil
                    • Dehydrate
                    • Frozen
                    • Reheat
                    • Preheat
                    • Roast
                    • Keep warm

                    10 quarts
                    Best small air fryer
                    • Air-fry
                    • Dehydrate
                    • Roast
                    • Reheat
                    • Bake
                    6 quarts
                    Best large-capacity
                    • Air-fry
                    • Broil
                    • Bake
                    • Roast
                    • Dehydrate
                    • Reheat
                    10 quarts

                    Other Noteworthy Air Fryers We Tried

                    Fritaire Self-Cleaning Air Fryer Intrigued by the concept of a self-cleaning air fryer, writer Nicole Bonaccorso tested this one, and she was impressed by how crispy her chicken wings came out. She says that the self-cleaning oven feature also worked pretty well. However, she was concerned by how hot the top of the oven got, especially for households with young children. She also noted moisture buildup on the exterior, which could become problematic if not properly dried. 

                    Lotus Cooking The Perfectionist Oven Writer Brittany Vargas liked this convection-style oven with an air fryer but found that it “was slightly noisy” and “radiated heat.” And due to its larger design and shape, “you’ll need a fair amount of space for this device,” according to Vargas, as well as the ability to position it away from outlets, wooden cabinets, and walls. She also found the cord to be short, which can limit where you put it.

                    Pampered Chef Deluxe Air Fryer Tester Raki Swanson liked that this unit could cook different types of food at the same time, but she found that the multiple trays were awkward to use and insert, and they got very hot. “The trays are tight when you put them into the oven, and they do not come out easily,” which made it difficult to remove when they are “full of food and hot,” she says.

                    Dash Compact Air Fryer Sowder van Erk also tested this compact Dash air fryer, and she thinks that it would be a great option for a single person. She liked how evenly it cooked and crisped foods, plus how easy it was to clean, but she ultimately found it too loud and noisy for her taste.

                    How We Tested the Best Air Fryers

                    To create this list of air fryers, we enlisted a diverse team of product testers to test 14 popular air fryers. Testers used the air fryers in their own kitchens for several weeks, cooking a variety of meals, including frozen vegetables and proteins. We carefully evaluated the product’s performance and usability, while also observing cooking modes and cooking times. We took careful consideration of how evenly the food cooked, and we looked at the food’s texture as well as exterior crispiness. We noted how loud and how hot the appliance got while cooking. We also evaluated how easy the air fryer was to maintain and clean.

                    To expand this guide, we spoke to Tori Martinet, MS, RD, a culinary and intuitive eating dietitian and founder of Tori’s Table, and Courtney Doyle, owner of Clandestine Kitchen and Nosh & Found, who provided expertise and insight into how air fryers work and what to consider when buying one, as well as shared some tips for getting the most out of your air-fried meals.

                    testing air fryers
                    Everyday Health

                    What to Consider When Buying an Air Fryer

                    Air fryers come in different styles and sizes, with various cooking modes and functions. When selecting an air fryer, you’ll want to consider what will work best for your household and kitchen needs. Below are some considerations to take into account.

                    Size

                    Adding a new appliance to your kitchen or pantry is bound to take up some space. Doyle recommends considering your household size, primary intended usage, and storage constraints when shopping for an air fryer. For smaller households, a more compact model may be ideal, especially if you primarily plan on reheating ready-to-heat or frozen foods. Plus, she adds, it’ll be easy to clean and will take up less counter space. On the other hand, larger households may prefer a model with a bigger capacity. There are also types of air fryers that offer multiple cooking functions and can replace your household oven. Doyle often roasts a whole chicken or prepares a multicourse meal using only her air fryer.

                    But even the most compact air fryer will take up space in your kitchen. If the air fryer will live on your countertop, make sure you have enough space for your new appliance (and like how it looks). If you plan to store your air fryer, consider its size and weight; while you may like the idea of stashing it away when not in use, you’ll want to think about how difficult it will be to move. Considering the dimensions and weight will help you determine the best model for your personal cooking needs and kitchen space.

                    Also, you’ll want to consider leaving space around the walls and cabinets for ventilation. Air fryers typically have vents that emit hot air, and you don’t want to risk warping your kitchen cabinets, backsplashes, or countertops.

                    Cooking Modes

                    Many air fryers do more than just air-fry. Common settings include broiling, roasting, and baking. But as Doyle points out, some air fryers tout an impressive number of additional cooking modes — such as toasting, proofing, dehydrating, and even grilling — potentially eliminating your need for multiple bulky kitchen appliances.

                    When choosing a new air fryer, consider what appliances you may need or already have, and then think about what sort of air fryer will work best for your cooking style. For example, if you’re a baker or fond of making bread, having a “proof” setting may be appealing, whereas someone else may be happy with a more basic model. And if you’re looking for an appliance that could replace or consolidate multiple appliances, you may want to consider an air fryer that offers more cooking modes or a smart oven with air fryer capabilities.

                    Cleaning

                    Inevitably, your air fryer will get messy from residual oil, sauce, and seasonings, and taking the time to clean and properly care for it after each use is essential, says Doyle. Cleaning will help to not only “prolong the life of the appliance,” she says, “but will also help keep your food fresh and safe, and eliminate potential dangerous hazards caused by grease residue and buildup.”

                    Fortunately, many air fryer baskets and crisping trays are nonstick and require minimal maintenance. Rinsing and cleaning your air fryer basket and trays with a bit of warm, soapy water and a soft sponge or cloth should do the trick while also protecting the coating. And some air fryer parts may even be dishwasher-safe. Martinet adds that you’re better off choosing a machine you’ll be able to reasonably clean, so be sure to read the instructions before buying, and always check the manufacturer’s recommendations before placing any components in the dishwasher.

                    How Do Air Fryers Work?

                    Air fryers are essentially smaller, more compact versions of convection ovens. The food sits in perforated basket or tray, and it gets cooked by the hot, dry air circulating around it, says Martinet. “This gives a crispy texture that is really hard — if not impossible — to achieve in the oven, and is only most closely replicated by deep-frying or pan-frying.” But with air-frying, there is no fat or oil needed. This works especially well on foods that are drier on the outside and that have a lot of surface area for crisping, like french fries, Martinet explains.

                    And this is good news for air-fry fanatics, especially when it comes to french fries. In a 2023 comparative study, scientists looked at the chemical and physical changes to frozen french fries that were air-fried versus deep-fried. They found that the air-fried fries contained nearly half of the moisture, had fewer color changes, and had less surface damage, which created a more desirable crunchiness and texture than the deep-fried version.

                    Is Cooking in an Air Fryer Healthy?

                    Martinet says that cooking in an air fryer can definitely be a healthier alternative to deep-frying. She explains that while having some fats in our diet is essential, both the amount of fat consumed in fried foods and the types of fat can be harmful to our health if consumed too frequently. This includes saturated fats, which may raise cholesterol levels and increase heart disease risk.


                    According to a 2024 review on air-frying, scientists found that it offers several advantages, including reducing oil use, extending shelf life by lowering lipid oxidation, and producing fewer acrylamides, a chemical that can form in foods cooked at high heat.


                    As Martinet points out: “An air fryer gives a lot of that desirable, crispy texture that we love from fried foods, but without a lot of the fat, and often in a shorter time frame.”

                    What Are the Best Oils to Use in an Air Fryer, and Which Ones Should I Avoid?

                    Choosing the right oil is usually based on the cooking temperature you plan to use, as well as the cooking method itself, Martinet explains. “Oils all have different smoke points where they burn, which you want to avoid both from a flavor and health perspective,” she says. Moreover, studies have shown that regularly heating vegetable cooking oils at high heat may release polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are reported to be carcinogenic.


                    Martinet recommends heating most oils at a lower temperature range, from 350 to 375 degrees F. She adds that as you go up in temperature to 400 degrees F and higher, you may want to opt for an oil like avocado or canola, which can cook at higher temps without burning up. Generally, though, “One of the benefits of using an air fryer is that you don’t need to use much, if any, oil at all,” Martinet says.


                    When cooking at high heat, turning on your kitchen vents and opening the windows may help reduce cooking pollutants, such as PAHs.

                    Alternatively, running an air purifier and air quality monitor near your kitchen will help you monitor the air quality in your home. 

                    What Are the Best Foods to Cook in an Air Fryer?

                    Martinet likes to cook a wide variety of foods in an air fryer, but it’s not a one-for-one swap with a convection oven or a fryer. Certain frozen foods, meats, and yes, even frozen vegetables, do really well in the air fryer because they can get nice and crispy in a shorter time frame and without added fats.

                    For her part, Doyle loves cooking proteins like chicken and fish in her air fryer, and she says that air-frying at 400 degrees F is typically the best mode for cooking frozen food or reconstituting leftovers or prepared foods.

                    In fact, even a protein like a steak filet can be cooked in an air fryer. In a 2022 study, scientists examined the composition of a filet after pan-frying in oil versus air-frying, and they found that the steak prepared in the air fryer had more moisture, less lipid content, and fewer physicochemical changes than the pan-fried one.

                    What Shouldn’t I Cook in an Air Fryer?

                    Air fryers can handle a wide variety of foods, including proteins, vegetables, and even baked goods; however, there are some foods that you may want to avoid. Martinet recommends avoiding air-frying very delicate foods or ones that tend to carry a lot of moisture, like battered fish; if the batter is very wet, it may not form the desired crispy exterior. 

                    You should avoid overcrowding the food or placing foil or parchment paper in an air fryer. If food, foil, or paper comes into contact with the vents or internal heating elements, it could start a fire.

                    FAQ

                    How much oil do I need in an air fryer?
                    When Doyle is cooking with her air fryer, she finds that the key is to use “less oil than you think you need.” She tends to find that cooking sprays work better than actual oil, as they create a lighter, more even coating. She also avoids using liners. “I find that food cooks more evenly and a little faster without them,” Doyle says.
                    When cleaning your air fryer, always follow the manufacturer’s instructions. Some air fryers are dishwasher-safe, and many air fryer baskets and crisping trays are finished with a nonstick coating. Most air fryer baskets and trays can be washed and rinsed with warm, soapy water and a soft sponge, and dried with a towel. If the exterior of the air fryer gets greasy or dusty, wiping it with a soft sponge or cloth should do the trick.
                    Doyle likes to give her food a shake or flip it partway through the cooking process to help create an extra-crispy exterior, especially with proteins. “The key to crispy chicken cutlets is to flip them halfway through cooking,” she says. In fact, Doyle says that even proteins like salmon benefit from being flipped during the air-frying process, in order to create a more even texture and to add crunch. Many air fryers have an automatic flip or shake-mode timer that tells you when to give the basket a shake. 

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                    Marisa Olsen

                    Marisa Olsen

                    Author

                    Marisa Olsen is a seasoned food, health, and lifestyle writer as well as a product reviewer and tester. Her work has appeared in several print and digital publications, including EatingWell, Food & Wine, The Spruce Eats, Real Simple, and U.S. News & World Report's "360 Reviews." She also writes for local news websites Cohasset Anchor and Hingham Anchor. Marisa has also authored several food blogs, including Marisa Olsen Writes.

                    She received her Bachelor of Arts from Connecticut College, where she graduated cum laude with a major in art history and a minor in psychology.

                    Marisa lives south of Boston in Cohasset, Massachusetts with her two children and husband. When not writing, she enjoys traveling, cooking, exercising, and spending time at the beach and in her garden.

                    Reyna-Franco-bio

                    Reyna Franco, RDN

                    Medical Reviewer

                    Reyna Franco, RDN, is a New York City–based dietitian-nutritionist, certified specialist in sports dietetics, and certified personal trainer. She is a diplomate of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine and has a master's degree in nutrition and exercise physiology from Columbia University.

                    In her private practice, she provides medical nutrition therapy for weight management, sports nutrition, diabetes, cardiac disease, renal disease, gastrointestinal disorders, cancer, food allergies, eating disorders, and childhood nutrition. To serve her diverse patients, she demonstrates cultural sensitivity and knowledge of customary food practices. She applies the tenets of lifestyle medicine to reduce the risk of chronic disease and improve health outcomes for her patients.

                    Franco is also a corporate wellness consultant who conducts wellness counseling and seminars for organizations of every size. She taught sports nutrition to medical students at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, taught life cycle nutrition and nutrition counseling to undergraduate students at LaGuardia Community College, and precepts nutrition students and interns. She created the sports nutrition rotation for the New York Distance Dietetic Internship program.

                    She is the chair of the American College of Lifestyle Medicine's Registered Dietitian-Nutritionist Member Interest Group. She is also the treasurer and secretary of the New York State Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, having previously served in many other leadership roles for the organization, including as past president, awards committee chair, and grant committee chair, among others. She is active in the local Greater New York Dietetic Association and Long Island Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, too.

                    Orlando de Guzman

                    Fact-Checker

                    Orlando de Guzman is a writer and editor with expertise in health and environmental news. He has a background in investigative and science journalism and has worked on documentary films about war and trauma, health, sanitation, and the changing climate around the world. His interest in health and medicine started after an early career as a medical and legal translator.

                    De Guzman is a longtime health and fitness enthusiast who is interested in nutrition, diet, and mental health. He participates in endurance sports and cross-trains in several traditions of martial arts from Southeast Asia. De Guzman is interested in how the progressively complex movements of martial arts training can improve cognition and mental well-being, especially for those with PTSD and for those approaching middle age and beyond.

                    De Guzman has a dual B.A. in communications and international studies from the University of Washington in Seattle. He is committed to factual storytelling and evidence-based reporting on critical choices that affect our planet.

                    Katie Tuttle

                    Editor

                    Katie Tuttle is an editor and writer specializing in food, nutrition, and product testing. Her work has appeared in EatingWell, Food & Wine, The Spruce Eats, and Real Simple. She has written about meal kits, kitchen tools, fitness, and wellness, and has tested and reviewed a wide range of products, with a particular focus on meal delivery services and their impact on nutrition and convenience.

                    Beyond food, Katie has covered fitness and wellness topics, drawing from her own experience as a powerlifter and an occasional runner. She’s always interested in how products and services can make healthy living more accessible and practical.

                    When she’s not researching or writing, Katie is usually surrounded by houseplants or spending time with a foster dog. She firmly believes there’s no such thing as too many books or too much coffee.

                    Marisa Olsen

                    Marisa Olsen

                    Tester

                    Marisa Olsen is a seasoned food, health, and lifestyle writer as well as a product reviewer and tester. Her work has appeared in several print and digital publications, including EatingWell, Food & Wine, The Spruce Eats, Real Simple, and U.S. News & World Report's "360 Reviews." She also writes for local news websites Cohasset Anchor and Hingham Anchor. Marisa has also authored several food blogs, including Marisa Olsen Writes.

                    She received her Bachelor of Arts from Connecticut College, where she graduated cum laude with a major in art history and a minor in psychology.

                    Marisa lives south of Boston in Cohasset, Massachusetts with her two children and husband. When not writing, she enjoys traveling, cooking, exercising, and spending time at the beach and in her garden.

                    Amy Sowder

                    Tester

                    For more than two decades, Amy Sowder has dedicated her journalism career to covering food, fitness, health, and lifestyle topics. Her work has been published in Bon Appétit, Women's Health, Men's Health, USA Today and its regional newspapers, Farm Journal, The Packer, Greatist, Chowhound, Verywell Fit, Eat This, Not That, and Brooklyn Magazine.

                    Prior to this, she worked as managing editor at Westchester Magazine in the greater New York metropolitan area, covered the national fresh produce industry as a magazine and newspaper editor, worked as an associate editor at Chowhound, a food trends consultant with Food Network, and as an editorial assistant at the award-winning blog and two-time bestselling cookbook Smitten Kitchen.

                    In addition, she's completed courses at the International Culinary Center in New York City and worked in numerous restaurants. She's run two New York City marathons and countless half-marathons, 10Ks, 5-milers, and 5Ks, as well as mud and obstacle course runs.

                    Lili Ladaga

                    Lili Ladaga

                    Tester
                    Lili Ladaga is a freelance editor on the Marketplace Team at Everyday Health.

                    Ashley Ziegler

                    Tester

                    Ashley Ziegler is a full-time writer with extensive experience covering women’s health, babies' and kids' health, mental health, and wellness. Her work has appeared on websites including The Bump, Health, Pregnancy & Newborn, People, Parents, Romper, Scary Mommy, and more.

                    Before transitioning into her full-time writing career, Ashley worked in the departments of pediatric cardiology and general medicine at Duke University Medical Center, and later at the North Carolina Medical Board. During undergrad, she majored in communications at Purdue University and then earned her master’s degree with a concentration in healthcare management from Indiana Wesleyan University.

                    Ashley lives with her husband and two young daughters in North Carolina. In her free time, she enjoys reading, walking, taking barre classes, and catching up on her favorite podcasts.

                    Ysolt Usigan

                    Ysolt Usigan

                    Tester

                    Ysolt Usigan is a veteran writer, editor, and commerce journalist with more than a decade of experience creating lifestyle, health, wellness, and shopping content for brands including BestProducts.com, Good Housekeeping, Woman's Day, WhatToExpect, SheKnows, and RetailMeNot.

                    Ysolt specializes in product testing and reviews, shopping guides, and service journalism that help readers make smart, confident choices.

                    Brittany Vargas

                    Tester

                    Brittany Elyse Vargas has been a professional writer and journalist for over a decade and has been exploring topics around mental health, mind-body medicine, health, wellness, and psycho-spiritual development for the past 20 years.

                    As a trauma-informed health journalist, she is a regular contributor to Everyday Health, Medscape and Verywell Mind. Her byline has also appeared in Yahoo Life, Shape, Integrative Practitioner, Business Insider, and BBC Travel, among others.

                    Brittany is also a certified Reiki Master who has been practicing since 2010.

                    She received her bachelor's degree from the University of California at Santa Barbara and is a proud Californian. In her spare time, she loves practicing yoga, dancing, hiking, and traveling.

                    Nicole Bonaccorso

                    Nicole Bonaccorso

                    Tester

                    Nicole Bonaccorso is a writer and editor with more than 12 years of journalism experience. She has been writing for Everyday Health since 2025, and has also been published on NBCNews.com, Treehugger, Verywell, Mashable, and Upworthy, among other publications.

                    Nicole was also a senior editor at Weather.com for more than 11 years, covering everything from weather and climate change to health, science, and travel.

                    In addition to writing, Nicole has also found a passion in helping new parents reach their breastfeeding goals and is working towards becoming a certified breastfeeding specialist.

                    In her free time, Nicole enjoys hiking, camping, cooking, reading, and spending time outdoors with her two young sons, husband, and dog.

                    Raki Swanson

                    Tester

                    Raki Swanson is a Minnesota-based freelance health writer and married mother to two adult children. She has experience covering mental health, fitness, food, and lifestyle topics, as well as significant experience reviewing and testing products for the Marketplace team, including online therapy, fitness gear, and food.

                    She received a bachelor's degree in applied psychology from St. Cloud University in Minnesota. She has also worked as a business development manager at a Fortune 500 company in Minnesota, and spent several years living in the south of France while growing up, which inspired her love of travel and food.

                    When she's not writing, you can find her reading, blogging, and enjoying being an empty nester with her husband, two dogs, and tabby cat named Kevin.

                    EDITORIAL SOURCES
                    Everyday Health follows strict sourcing guidelines to ensure the accuracy of its content, outlined in our editorial policy. We use only trustworthy sources, including peer-reviewed studies, board-certified medical experts, patients with lived experience, and information from top institutions.
                    Resources
                    1. Coria‐Hernández J et al. Comparative Study of Conventional Frying and Air Frying on the Quality of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Food Science & Nutrition. August 9, 2023.
                    2. Saturated Fat. American Heart Association. August 23, 2024.
                    3. Téllez-Morales JA et al. Review of the Influence of Hot Air Frying on Food Quality. Measurement: Food. June 1, 2024.
                    4. Acrylamide Questions and Answers. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. March 5, 2024.
                    5. Ganesan K et al. Impact of Consumption of Repeatedly Heated Cooking Oils on the Incidence of Various Cancers — a Critical Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2019.
                    6. Healthy Cooking Oils. American Heart Association. October 24, 2023.
                    7. Sun L et al. Cooking Methods and Kitchen Ventilation Availability, Usage, Perceived Performance and Potential in Canadian Homes. Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. April 15, 2023.
                    8. Borela VL et al. Influence of Different Cooking Methods on Fillet Steak Physicochemical Characteristics. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. January 5, 2022.