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After receiving a herpes diagnosis, you may be curious about home remedies, but how safe and effective are they?
There are two different types of herpes virus: herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex 2 (HSV-2). The first, HSV-1, is oral herpes and most commonly causes cold sores in or around the mouth. Meanwhile, HSV-2 mostly causes genital herpes, which can be asymptomatic or result in blisters or sores around the genitals. Both are transmitted through person-to-person contact (think kissing or sex) or if an infected mother gives birth while the virus is active.
“Herpes infections are lifelong,” says Dave Aronoff, MD, chair of the Department of Medicine at Indiana University School of Medicine in Indianapolis, who specializes in infectious diseases. The virus can travel deep into your nerve roots, occasionally reactivating and reappearing as a painful, recurrent rash, he adds. Prescription medications to treat herpes include oral acyclovir (Zovirax), valacyclovir (Valtrex), and famciclovir (Famvir) for initial treatment, recurrent episodes, and as daily suppressive therapy to prevent recurrent lesions, Dr. Aronoff says.
Home remedies, including topical creams or ointments, aren’t generally as effective. The research surrounding these possible approaches is also very limited, and many studies are on lab cells or animals (rather than human trials) or have inherent bias in the funding. However, a few complementary approaches have some evidence supporting potential efficacy, Aronoff says. This condition requires close consultation with your doctor, however, so it’s best to try these only under the guidance of your healthcare team.
1. Lysine
L-lysine, an essential amino acid that’s important for protein synthesis, is available as a supplement. One review from Brazil summarized evidence that L-lysine could hypothetically play a role in controlling herpes viruses by competing with arginine (an amino acid that HSV requires to replicate) and increasing arginase, an enzyme that breaks down arginine. The authors noted that more studies are needed for amino acids to become part of antiviral therapies.
Avoiding arginine-rich foods may also help during an outbreak, but the evidence is inconsistent, Aronoff says. Foods like meat, fish, nuts and seeds, legumes, whole grains, and dairy naturally contain L-arginine.
However, more research is needed. “I do not recommend L-lysine based on available evidence,” Aronoff says. “No head-to-head comparisons between L-lysine and standard antivirals exist in the medical literature.”
2. Honey and Propolis
Topical honey and propolis may show possible efficacy as a herpes home remedy, with some studies indicating faster healing and symptom relief, Aronoff says. Propolis is a mixture of beeswax, resin, and oils that bees use in repairing and building hives.
One Brazilian meta-analysis of nine studies found that, separately, propolis and honey both helped herpes wounds heal faster than the conventional medication acyclovir, and honey provided the same level of pain reduction as acyclovir.
“Propolis and honey appear to inhibit herpes viruses by blocking early steps of infection and reducing replication, while also promoting wound healing and immune responses,” Aronoff says. You might be able to use it to soothe oral herpes infections, he adds. Honey is considered generally safe for most, but propolis may be unsafe if you have an allergic condition (like asthma), a bleeding disorder, are pregnant, or are taking certain medications, so use these only under the guidance of your doctor.
Topical honey and propolis may help with healing and pain reduction in both oral cold sores and genital herpes, says Chris Adigun, MD, board-certified dermatologist at Dermatology & Laser Center of Chapel Hill in Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
3. Lemon Balm
Lemon balm could serve as a possible topical herbal pain reliever for herpes outbreaks. One review from Germany of seven randomized controlled trials and 1,250 patients found that lemon balm preparations consistently lowered pain and swelling of cold sores, with some studies showing significantly larger decreases in lesion size compared with a placebo or conventional prescription acyclovir.
One study using a laboratory cell model suggested that lemon balm has direct antiviral effects, Aronoff says. Doing research to understand how compounds work is important to understand their clinical uses and any potential side effects, he adds.
Research into lemon balm is still emerging, the studies supporting its use are small, and the evidence isn’t as strong in comparison to typical antivirals like valacyclovir and acyclovir, Aronoff says. “As of now, lemon balm therapy has not found its way into medical guidelines for the treatment of oral herpes infections,” he adds.
4. Olive Leaf Extract
The same review out of Germany summarized a randomized controlled study that used olive leaf extract, which significantly reduced incidences of bleeding, itching, and pain and decreased healing time compared with acyclovir. The only side effect reported by a few participants was mild itching.
Meanwhile, a small study out of Syria compared cold sore healing in 40 patients divided into two groups: one that applied olive leaf extract and another that applied acyclovir cream five times per day for five days. Although pain levels were similar between the two groups, scabs from the lesions fell off sooner in the olive leaf extract group.
“Olive leaf preparations show multiple antiviral actions against HSV, with evidence for both direct effects on virus particles themselves and interference with early infection steps and intracellular replication,” Aronoff says.
However, like other studies in this space, the evidence is limited.
“Most of the studies supporting the use of home remedies like this one are small, and the quality of evidence varies, so these remedies should be considered add-ons, rather than replacements for standard care,” Aronoff adds.
5. Cannabis
Early research suggests that cannabis compounds like cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and terpenes may have the potential to fight herpes-related viruses, but most of the evidence comes from lab studies on cells and animals rather than human subjects. Plus, scientists don’t fully understand yet how these compounds work or what the correct doses would be, per a review out of Malaysia.
“Current evidence does not support the use of cannabis or related compounds from the same family for HSV infection, and some data suggest they may worsen outcomes,” Aronoff says.
6. Petroleum Jelly
If you’re dealing with an outbreak of genital herpes, petroleum jelly may keep the sores moist and help reduce pain when urinating by providing a barrier. Applying petroleum jelly to cold sores might also reduce dryness and peeling. Keep in mind that it contaminates a product when you apply it directly to your cold sore, so toss the container after your cold sore heals.
However, recent clinical research doesn’t indicate that petroleum jelly hastens healing of herpes sores.
“Petroleum jelly may help with local symptom relief by moisturizing the lesion, but it does not treat or prevent oral HSV lesions and is not supported by clinical trial data or guidelines as a therapeutic intervention,” Aronoff says, noting that he doesn’t recommend it for herpes treatment.
7. Topical or Oral Vitamins
Some people use topical zinc or topical vitamin E to soothe herpes sores, but there isn’t enough evidence to substantiate its use.
“Supplements with vitamin E and zinc have limited evidence, and the findings are inconsistent,” Dr. Adigun says.
Low blood levels of vitamin D may be associated with a higher risk of HSV infection, but research doesn’t support using vitamin D supplements as a treatment for herpes.
“There is no evidence to support that oral vitamin D supplementation decreases symptom relief or prevents recurrence of HSV,” Adigun adds.
8. Docosanol
Older research shows that the over-the-counter cream docosanol (Abreva) may reduce healing time for cold sores by nearly 18 hours. However, you must apply it within 12 hours of symptom onset and then five times per day, Aronoff says.
“Docosanol has not been tested in humans through direct, head-to-head clinical trials comparing it against standard, safe, effective, tried-and-true oral antivirals like valacyclovir or acyclovir for the treatment and prevention of cold sores,” Aronoff adds.
The Takeaway
Home remedies should never replace conventional prescription treatments from your health professional, such as acyclovir and valacyclovir, for herpes infections.
Some research suggests honey, propolis, olive leaf extract, petroleum jelly, or docosanol may provide symptom relief and may be considered as a complementary approach alongside your conventional treatment, but evidence is limited and inconclusive.
The research is more limited for L-lysine, lemon balm, cannabis, zinc, vitamin E, and vitamin D, and experts don’t recommend using these to soothe herpes outbreaks.
Always consult your doctor about herpes treatment options for outbreaks and long-term infection management, and only use home remedies under a healthcare provider’s supervision.
EDITORIAL SOURCES
Everyday Health follows strict sourcing guidelines to ensure the accuracy of its content, outlined in our editorial policy. We use only trustworthy sources, including peer-reviewed studies, board-certified medical experts, patients with lived experience, and information from top institutions.
Resources
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Mathew J Jr et al. Herpes Simplex Type 2. StatPearls. March 13, 2024.
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Propolis: What Is It and Is It Worth Using? Cleveland Clinic. January 6, 2026.
Rocha MP et al. Effect of Honey and Propolis, Compared to Acyclovir, Against Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-Induced Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. April 6, 2022.
Astani A et al. Melissa Officinalis Extract Inhibits Attachment of Herpes Simplex Virus In Vitro. Chemotherapy. March 2012.
Al-Hallak MAG et al. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Topical Olive Leaf Extract Emulgel in Managing Recurrent Herpes Labialis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study. Scientific Reports. December 2, 2024.
Cold Sore? Here’s How to Get Rid of It Fast. Cleveland Clinic. July 15, 2025.
Kim MJ et al. Efficacy of Topical Application of Zinc Compounds for Oral Mucosal Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Medicina Oral, Patología Oral y Cirugía Bucal. January 2026.
Chang JY et al. A Narrative Review of Alternative Symptomatic Treatments for Herpes Simplex Virus. Viruses. June 2, 2023.
Justin Laube, MD, is a board-certified integrative and internal medicine physician, a teacher, and a consultant with extensive expertise in integrative health, medical education, and trauma healing.
He graduated with a bachelor's in biology from the University of Wisconsin and a medical degree from the University of Minnesota Medical School. During medical school, he completed a graduate certificate in integrative therapies and healing practices through the Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality & Healing. He completed his three-year residency training in internal medicine at the University of California in Los Angeles on the primary care track and a two-year fellowship in integrative East-West primary care at the UCLA Health Center for East-West Medicine.
He is currently taking a multiyear personal and professional sabbatical to explore the relationship between childhood trauma, disease, and the processes of healing. He is developing a clinical practice for patients with complex trauma, as well as for others going through significant life transitions. He is working on a book distilling the insights from his sabbatical, teaching, and leading retreats on trauma, integrative health, mindfulness, and well-being for health professionals, students, and the community.
Previously, Dr. Laube was an assistant clinical professor at the UCLA Health Center for East-West Medicine and the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, where he provided primary care and integrative East-West medical consultations. As part of the faculty, he completed a medical education fellowship and received a certificate in innovation in curriculum design and evaluation. He was the fellowship director at the Center for East-West Medicine and led courses for physician fellows, residents, and medical students.
Kelsey Kloss is a health and wellness journalist with over a decade of experience. She started her career as an in-house editor for brands including Reader’s Digest, Elle Decor, Good Housekeeping, Prevention, Woman's Day, and Redbook, and her work has been featured in over 50 publications.
