Concerned About PFAS in Cookware? These Are the Pots and Pans We Recommend

Concerned About PFAS in Cookware? These Are the Pots and Pans We Recommend

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The phrase “nontoxic cookware” seems to be cropping up everywhere these days. It certainly sounds alarming — who wants toxins in their cookware? It turns out, the answer is a little more complex: “The term ‘nontoxic’ lacks any official meaning because it remains unregulated,” cautions Edmund McCormick, a food science and formulation consultant and founder of Cape Crystal Brands.

Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are manufactured chemicals (also known as “forever chemicals”) that are frequently used to create a nonstick surface on many kinds of cookware. PFAS have been found in drinking water, soil, and even the air and have been linked to health effects such as decreased fertility, increased risk of certain cancers, and hormonal interference. What we don’t know for certain is how conclusive those links are.

Still, if you’re concerned about PFAS exposure, it makes sense to avoid certain cookware items. Because the term “nontoxic” isn’t regulated, we focused our efforts on cookware made from stable materials (like stainless steel and cast iron) and, if coatings were involved, looked for options that don’t rely on PFAS-based materials. We’ve spent months researching, cooking, and generally putting these cookware items through their paces to find the ones we liked best. These are our favorites.

Our Top Picks for Nontoxic Cookware

stainless steel cookware

Best Stainless Steel Set

Misen Stainless Steel Cookware Set

Pros

  • Can handle high-heat cooking
  • Won’t react to acidic foods
  • Rounded, stay-cool handles
  • PFAS-free
  • Compatible with induction cooktops
  • Available in 5-, 9-, 12-piece sets

Cons

  • Five-piece set may not be enough for serious home cooks
  • Stainless steel requires more technique when cooking

If you’re considering a quality set, the five-piece set from Misen, while small, covers most of what you’d need for day-to-day cooking. It includes: a 10-inch skillet, a 3-quart sauté pan with lid, and a 3-quart saucier with lid. “I’ve had this set for about six months and really like them. We use them for pretty much everything and only turn to other pans for sizing reasons,” says writer Tori Martinet, RD.

To be honest, it took me a while to learn how to use stainless steel cookware to its full potential. The trick is a little patience: Preheat the pan before adding your oil. Test the surface by flicking a drop of water onto it. If it dances or beads on the surface, you’re good to go. If not, give it another minute. Stainless steel has no coating, is resistant to warping, and can handle high heat (but try to keep it at medium to avoid scorching; trust me).

Misen pans are five-ply (three steel layers, two aluminum layers) with a 3-millimeter base, which means they heat evenly (no hot/cool spots) and retain heat for longer. They’re also dishwasher-safe, oven-safe up to 800 degrees Fahrenheit (F), and acidic foods that might break down the seasoning on cast iron are no big deal for stainless. Martinet also liked the ergonomics: “I really like the rounded handles. These pans are on the heavy side (most stainless is pretty heavy) . . . and I don’t have an issue with these,” she says. “I think the feel of the handle is great.” She also observed that she had less sticking with these than she has with other stainless steel pans. “It’s fairly easy to clean. I haven’t run into issues getting them basically spotless,” she says.

The five-piece set (both in quantity and cooking surface) may not be ideal for big cooking jobs like making a large batch of chicken stock, and Martinet admits that the 3-quart saucier is too big for some jobs. However, “It's a good starter set or replacement set, and I think the quality is worth the [money],” she says.

cookware set

Best Splurge Stainless Steel Set

All-Clad D3 Stainless 3-Ply Bonded Cookware Set

Pros

  • Won’t react to acidic foods
  • Can handle high-heat cooking
  • Ergonomic handles
  • PFAS-free
  • Compatible with induction cooktops

Cons

  • Five-piece set may not be enough for serious home cooks
  • Stainless steel requires more technique when cooking

I love a budget buy as much as the next person, but if you want cookware that will outlast just about everything else you own, All-Clad is worth the splurge. Between the consistent performance, durable construction, and U.S. manufacturing, this is cookware that you buy once and keep for decades. All-Clad’s D3 line takes an aluminum core and sandwiches it between layers of stainless steel for even heat distribution. It works on all cooktops (yes, this includes induction), and this set can take the heat — up to 600 degrees F in the oven, to be precise.

This set also covers all the basics for what most cooks would need in the kitchen: a 10-inch fry pan, a 3-quart saucepan with lid, and a 3-quart sauté pan with lid. The mirror-like finish has proven to be resistant to scratches, though I wouldn’t push my luck by taking a knife or a fork to it. The handles are shaped in such a way that I find them quite comfortable to hold, which is important, since this set does have some weight to it. And once you get the hang of cooking on stainless steel, you’ll find it quite easy to maintain — and if something does stick, throw in some wine to deglaze it and call it a pan sauce.


cookware set

Best Hybrid Set

GreenPan Spectra Thermobond Hybrid Ceramic Nonstick 10-Piece Cookware Set

Pros

  • Hybrid construction for even heating, nonstick surface
  • PFAS-free
  • Requires less oil than cast iron or stainless steel
  • Textured bottom help prevent sticking
  • Compatible with induction cooktops

Cons

  • Doesn’t come with storage
  • Skillets lack helper handles for moving when full

In cookware terms, “hybrid” refers to pans that combine a stainless steel base with a ceramic nonstick cooking surface. The idea is to get the durability and more even heating of stainless steel, with the easier release of ceramic nonstick. GreenPan’s 10-piece hybrid set fits squarely in this category, with a stainless steel construction topped with a ceramic nonstick coating. GreenPan’s 10-piece set includes 8-inch and 10-inch fry pans; 1.6- and 3.3-quart saucepans with lids; a 3.25-quart sauté pan with lid; and an 8-quart stockpot with lid.

Food writer Marisa Olsen put this set through its paces, and found that she used the frying pan and mid-sized pot most often. “[I] definitely leaned toward the frying pan daily for eggs, protein, and veggies, and then the medium-sized pot for sauces and boiling water,” she says. During testing, she cooked or reheated a variety of foods — veggies, eggs, seared/braised chicken, pancakes, popcorn, hot dogs, pasta, mushrooms, quesadillas, dumplings, pasta, and tofu — and overall performance was strong. “Barely any issues with sticking. Cooking on this nonstick set was a dream for the most part,” she says, noting that eggs wiped clean easily and that “Bolognese heated up quickly and didn’t stick or stain at all.” Popcorn was a standout, too: “[It was] perfectly popped, crisp, and flavorful. No sogginess or chewiness,” she says.

cookware set

Best Splurge Hybrid Set

HexClad Hybrid Pots & Pans Set, 12-Piece

Pros

  • Hybrid construction for even heating, nonstick surface
  • Textured surface makes cleanup easier
  • Third-party tested for PFAS, perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)
  • Compatible with induction cooktops 

Cons

  • Doesn’t release food as easily as traditional nonstick
  • Won’t last as long as stainless steel

After extensive research, one name kept coming up again and again: HexClad has a reputation for premium quality (at a premium price), and its hybrid line combines the strength and even heating of stainless steel with the nonstick qualities of ceramic. This combination helps food release more easily while still allowing you to achieve a high-heat sear. The set includes varying sizes of fry pans, saucepans, and a stockpot, so while it’s an investment, it also includes most of the items you’ll need in your kitchen. They’re also dishwasher-safe, though HexClad recommends handwashing to help preserve the longevity of the nonstick coating, and oven-safe up to 900 degrees F.

Like other hybrid cookware, this set does come with some caveats. Its Terrabond surface (HexClad’s proprietary nonstick coating has been third-party tested for 4+ PFAS compounds and lists the results) won’t release food as easily and with as little oil as a traditional nonstick set. The textured interior helps with this, but you’ll still want to be prepared to use a little more oil. Ceramic is also unlikely to have the longevity of uncoated stainless steel or cast iron. But if you want one set that can sear, sauté, and simmer well, without having to juggle separate stainless and nonstick pans, this HexClad set may be just what you’re looking for. 

pot with lid

Best Saucepan

All-Clad D3 Stainless 3-Ply Bonded Sauce Pan With Lid, 3-Quart

Pros

  • Won’t react to acidic foods
  • Can handle high-heat cooking
  • Ergonomic handles
  • PFAS-free
  • Compatible with induction cooktops

Cons

  • Stainless steel requires more technique when cooking
  • Not nonstick

If you’ve made it this far in my article, it should come as no surprise that I think All-Clad is tough to beat. This 3-quart saucepan from the D3 line is made of full-clad stainless steel with an aluminum core, and it heats evenly and quickly, which matters when you’re simmering sauces or cooking rice. The straight sides and tight-fitting lid help with moisture control, and I especially like the gentle curve at the bottom of the pan, which makes it easy to stir without splashing and, later, to scrub clean.

Like all stainless steel cookware, technique matters. You’ll want to give it time to preheat, and avoid cranking up the heat unnecessarily. That said, there’s no coating to wear out over time, and this pan is oven-safe and induction-compatible. If you’re not ready to commit to a whole set but like the durability of high-quality stainless steel, this saucepan would be a good place to start.

pot with lid

Best Splurge Saucepan

Fissler 5-Ply Stainless Steel Saucepan With Lid

Pros

  • Handles designed to be easy to use, stay cool
  • PFAS-free
  • Interior measurement markings
  • Rivet-free construction for easier cleaning
  • Compatible with induction cooktops

Cons

  • Slightly lower oven-safe temperature limit than others on list
  • Higher cost than entry-level saucepans

Fissler’s five-ply stainless-steel saucepan is made for home cooks who care about precision and quality. Health writer Raki Swanson tested a full Fissler set, including this saucepan, and immediately clocked the quality, noting that “these were made really well,” and felt nice and substantial in hand. That extra weight comes from the multilayer construction, which helps distribute heat evenly and makes temperature control feel more forgiving (once you get the hang of cooking with stainless steel).

“When I did cook with them, they really did a good job of evenly distributing the heat,” Swanson says, and she appreciated that “the handles were never hot” and that “the lids fit well.” The rivet-free interior also makes cleanup easier than many stainless pans, which is a small but meaningful detail. Swanson initially struggled with the techniques needed to cook successfully on stainless steel, calling it “the only downside to owning this type of pan.” But if you’re willing to learn stainless steel’s quirks, this saucepan will offer exceptional control, works equally well on induction and electric stovetops, and is made to last. 

Caraway nonstick ceramic cookware set

Best Ceramic Set

Caraway 12-Piece Ceramic Set

Pros

  • Ceramic-coated aluminum for even heating, nonstick surface
  • Free of PTFE, PFOA, PFAS, lead, cadmium
  • Comes with magnetic storage racks, lid organizers
  • Available in 12-, 16-, 24-, 31-piece sets
  • Compatible with induction cooktops

Cons

  • Hand-wash only
  • Ceramic coating can scratch easily
  • Not for high-heat cooking

Caraway’s nonstick ceramic cookware was a surprise favorite for me (I have the 12-piece set, though you can choose between 16-, 24-, and 31-piece sets, as well). I admit to being a bit skeptical as to its longevity; I know how to treat nonstick cookware, but I’ve had ceramic pieces that lose their nonstick properties quickly and scratch, or generally become useless in a short amount of time. However, I’m pleased to report that I’ve had no such issues with my set. The 12-piece set includes a 10.5-inch fry pan, a 3-quart sauce pan with lid, a sauté pan with lid, and a Dutch oven, all free of PTFE, PFOA, PFAS, lead, and cadmium. It also comes with smart extras like storage organizers, which not only corral what could be a random jumble of pans and lids but also help to protect the ceramic coating.

There are, of course, trade-offs when using a ceramic-coated set. While they’re oven-safe up to 550 degrees F, ceramic cookware fares much better at low- to medium-heat stovetop cooking. You’ll want to save searing and high-heat cooking for stainless or cast-iron pans. Handwashing is also a vital part of protecting the pans’ nonstick coating — the high heat of a dishwasher can shorten your pans’ lifespan, as will using metal utensils. The nonstick coating makes these pans great for my morning scrambled eggs and more delicate proteins like fish or tofu. Plus, Caraway’s color options are a fun way to add some pop to your cooktop — colors include navy, sage, and marigold — and for a little extra, you can get glass lids or sets with gold-colored handle finish.

cookware set

Best Splurge Ceramic Set

Made In CeramiClad Nonstick Cookware Set

Pros

  • Ceramic-coated stainless steel for even heating, nonstick surface
  • Five-ply construction
  • Third-party tested as free of PFAS, PFOA, PTFE, lead, cadmium, BPA
  • Available in three-, five-, six-piece sets

Cons

  • Hand-wash only
  • Ceramic coating can scratch easily

Made In’s CeramiClad set is ceramic nonstick cookware built on a serious, five-ply stainless steel base, so you get the easy release of ceramic with the even heating and stability of clad cookware. Unlike hybrid pans, the cooking surface here is smooth ceramic throughout, rather than a raised pattern. “Food releases very easily from this. I never had an issue with any food sticking to this cookware,” says Bonaccorso.

Cleanup was similarly low-stress. Bonaccorso found that these pieces cleaned up quite easily. Even with repeated use, the set also held up better than expected for ceramic cookware. “I didn’t notice any scratching or damage after repeated use, even though I was storing them by stacking them on top of one another,” she says, adding that “they certainly didn’t scratch with any cooking, either,” though she notes the importance of not using metal utensils.

Storage, however, proved to be the one drawback. “This didn’t come with storage. Since ceramic cookware is easy to scratch, I would have appreciated some help with storage,” Bonaccorso says, adding that she doesn’t “necessarily find it easy to store, for fear of scratching as I stack them.” Still, the fact that the pans held up well even when stacked speaks to the durability of the coating. For cooks who want ceramic cookware that feels a little more elevated, this Made In set earns its splurge-worthy status.

skillet

Best Frying Pan

Made In Stainless Clad Frying Pan

Pros

  • Heats evenly, cleans up easily
  • Flat, stay-cool handle
  • Rolled rim for spill-proof pouring
  • PFAS-free
  • Compatible with induction cooktops

Cons

  • Heavy, doesn’t have helper handle
  • Stainless steel requires more technique when cooking

Made In’s 12-inch pan is built with a fully clad stainless steel body and an aluminum core, and it showed strong, even heating across the surface. (Fun fact: “Fully clad” means the layers of stainless steel and aluminum go up the sides of the pan instead of just the bottom, which ensures full, even heating.) Martinet bravely put it through one of stainless steel’s most unforgiving tests: “I did the most difficult thing I could with stainless steel — cooked eggs. It stuck less than expected!” she says. When properly preheated, she says it “cooked incredibly well and had a good release of proteins.” This also made cleanup easier than expected, with Martinet noting that this pan “came clean really easily, even more than some other nonstick pans I’ve tried in the past.” It also works on gas, electric, and induction stoves, and can go in the oven.

This pan does have a bit of heft, and Martinet says that while she doesn’t love the flat handle, it was balanced and overall fairly comfortable. And while she’d still keep a nonstick pan around for eggs on busy mornings, she said she “would use this daily for pretty much everything,” adding that this pan is “truly like cooking with nonstick cookware if you know how to use it right.” 

set of pans

Best Splurge Frying Pan

Hestan NanoBond Titanium Skillet

Pros

  • Extremely high heat tolerance
  • Nonreactive surface can handle acidic foods
  • PFAS- and PFTE-free
  • Compatible with induction cooktops

Cons

  • Expensive for single piece
  • Stainless steel requires more technique when cooking
  • Heavier than many stainless steel skillets

If you’re looking to splurge on a frying pan that can really take the heat, Hestan’s 11-inch NanoBond Titanium Skillet is a top contender. This pan is made of titanium-reinforced stainless steel that creates a smooth, nonreactive surface that can withstand extremely high temperatures without warping or degrading. It’s also oven-safe to 1,050 degrees F, making it an excellent choice for searing or finishing your dish under the heat of a broiler.

In addition to its excellent heating capabilities, it features a PFAS- and PTFE-free surface. However, if you want a pan that will let your eggs just slide off without a second thought, you may want to look elsewhere. Like any stainless steel skillet, you’ll need to properly preheat it, and use oil or butter to keep food from sticking. But if your priority is a long-lasting stainless steel pan, Hestan offers a premium solution.

wok

Best Wok

Milk Street 3-Piece 13-Inch Hammered Carbon Steel Wok

Pros

  • Flat bottom for even heating
  • Carbon steel gets hot fast and holds heat well
  • Comes with tempered glass lid, steamer rack
  • PFAS-free
  • Compatible with induction cooktops

Cons

  • May react to acidic foods
  • Requires seasoning before using

First, you may be asking, “What exactly is carbon steel?” Essentially, it’s iron with a small amount of carbon mixed in it, which makes it strong, quick to heat, and more responsive than cast iron, while being lighter and easier to maneuver. Carbon steel develops a seasoned surface over time as oil bonds onto the pan with repeated use, which helps keep food from sticking. The more you cook with carbon steel, the better it gets, and there’s no coating to chip, flake, or break down.

These qualities also make carbon steel an ideal material for woks: It heats fast and holds that heat, which is key for stir-frying crisp veggies and quick-searing proteins. Milk Street’s 13-inch carbon steel wok leans into these strengths, and Olsen has found it to be extremely versatile. “I use it for so many items, including stir-fry, popcorn, eggs, and deep-frying like french fries, vegetables, and proteins,” she says. She points out that the hammered carbon steel handles high temps well, and the base “heats up quickly and evenly for excellent sears and creates a signature smokiness that woks are known for.”

Olsen admits that, while the Milk Street wok is lighter than cast iron, it can feel heavy, though she cites the wide-looped helper handle as making it easier to lift and maneuver. It also comes with a steamer tray, which Olsen calls a “lovely addition, especially for dumplings, fish, and vegetables.” Similar to cooking with stainless steel, you should preheat the pan before adding oil. Once the oil starts to shimmer, you’re good to go; this will help prevent sticking and contribute to the seasoning that will give carbon steel its nonstick properties. And never, ever put it in the dishwasher — you don’t want to strip away that coating you worked so hard for. But the reward for this basic maintenance is a wok built for years of cooking and stir-fries that will make you happy to skip takeout.

wok with lid

Best Splurge Wok

Hestan Titanium Wok, 14-Inch

Pros

  • No seasoning required
  • Can handle serious heat
  • PFAS-free
  • Compatible with induction cooktops

Cons

  • Two short handles instead of one long handle
  • Heavier than carbon steel

If you’re looking to splurge, Hestan’s NanoBond Titanium wok puts in the work without the maintenance demands of traditional carbon steel. Made from titanium-reinforced stainless steel, this wok can handle extreme heat without warping, staining, or reacting with acidic food. It also doesn’t require seasoning or any special care.

After using it for the first time, I was struck by how quickly and evenly it heated up, allowing me to produce the perfect crisp-cooked veggies that have eluded my other stir-fry attempts. Even though this isn’t a nonstick pan, I found little issue with scrubbing it clean when food got stuck to the bottom. All it took was a quick soak and a few swipes of a sponge to erase my mistakes. Real talk: I’m not joking when I call this a splurge. It’s heavier than most carbon steel, so cooks who are used to that material may find Hestan’s version a bit clunkier. But if you want high-heat performance without seasoning or special care, this wok may be the splurge for you.

Lodge red enamel 6qt dutch oven

Best Dutch Oven

Lodge 6-Quart Essential Enamel Cast Iron Dutch Oven

Pros

  • Durable, nonreactive coating
  • Cast-iron core for even heating
  • PFAS-free
  • Compatible with all cooktops
  • Available in several sizes and colors

Cons

  • Heavy
  • Enamel can chip or crack 

If you’re prioritizing cookware made from stable, long-standing materials, Lodge’s 6-Quart Essential Enamel Cast Iron Dutch Oven is one of our favorites. This Dutch oven pairs a cast-iron core with a porcelain enamel coating, avoiding the kinds of synthetic surfaces that can degrade over time. Porcelain enamel is nonreactive with normal use, meaning you won’t have to worry about damage from high heat or acidic foods. The cast-iron core means you get even heat distribution, while the enameled coating helps provide easier cleanup.

Bonaccorso tested this for us and found the 6-quart size to be ideal for baking and braising. During testing, she found that her dishes cooked evenly, though she notes that the weight (especially when full) may be an issue for some. “It’s heavy, as most Dutch ovens are,” she says. “It's not awkward to use, though, because it’s not too large.” She appreciated that the lid fit snugly enough to trap moisture during long braises, and cleanup was easier than anticipated. “There was a lot stuck on this after making pulled pork, but it all came off just fine with minimal effort,” she adds.

One thing we can appreciate about enameled cast iron is its ability to weather a dishwasher or metal utensils. (Lodge recommends handwashing to help preserve the enamel’s glossy sheen.) It has wonderful oven-to-stovetop versatility, and it comes in a range of colors that can either blend in or serve as an accent, depending on your kitchen decor. That colorful enamel is also made without PFAS or other “forever chemicals,” adding another layer of reassurance for those who want to limit their exposure. That said, porcelain enamel can chip and crack, and while it’s oven-safe to 500 degrees F, that may not be enough for folks who do a lot of high-heat cooking. 

dutch oven

Best Splurge Dutch Oven

Staub Round Dutch Oven, 7-Quart

Pros

  • Self-basting lid provides excellent moisture retention
  • No seasoning needed
  • PFAS-free
  • Compatible with all cooktops
  • Available in nine-plus sizes, 15-plus colors

Cons

  • Expensive
  • Heavy

Our favorite splurge pick earns its place thanks to its exceptional heat retention and ability to tackle pretty much any slow-cooked dish you throw at it, from braised short ribs and pot roast to big batches of soup, and even bread. Olsen has owned her Staub Cocotte for over a decade, and there’s a reason why it plays a starring role in her kitchen.

Design details are a big part of what makes the Staub stand out from competitors. Olsen notes that the lid “sits on smoothly and tight with no raw edging that makes unpleasant scratching noises like the others.” The unique studded lid is “self-basting” — steam condenses on the studs and drips back down into the pot, keeping food moist. She also appreciated that the handle is “nice and wide and thick so it did not get as hot.” Those small details matter during long cooking sessions, especially when you’re moving a heavy pot on and off the stove or oven. She also prefers the black enamel interior, which she finds practical for everyday cooking and forgiving during cleanup.

This is not a lightweight or budget-friendly piece, and it shows its age honestly over time. Olsen notes that her Staub has shown some exterior scratches over the years, which is to be expected from a piece that’s in heavy rotation. Yes, it’s expensive and heavy, but for cooks who want a Dutch oven they will use year after year, this may very well justify the investment.

Comparison Table

Superlative
Material
Coating
Oven-Safe Temp
Dishwasher-Safe
Best Stainless Steel 
Stainless steel, aluminum
None
800°F
Yes
Best Splurge Stainless Steel
Stainless steel, aluminum
None
600°F
Yes (handwashing recommended)
Best Hybrid
Stainless steel, aluminum
Ceramic
850°F (lids to 425°F)
Yes
Best Hybrid Splurge
Stainless steel, aluminum
Ceramic
900°F
Yes
Best saucepan
Stainless steel, aluminum
None
600°F
Yes (handwashing recommended)
Best Splurge Saucepan
Stainless steel
None
450°F
Yes
Best Ceramic Set
Aluminum, ceramic
Ceramic
550°F
No
Best Ceramic Set Splurge
Stainless steel, ceramic
Ceramic
550°F
No
Best Frying Pan
Stainless steel, aluminum
None
800°F
Yes (handwashing recommended)
Best Frying Pan Splurge
Titanium-reinforced stainless steel, aluminum
None
1050°F
Yes
Best Splurge Wok
Titanium-reinforced stainless steel
None
1,050°F
Yes
Best Dutch Oven
Enameled cast iron
Porcelain enamel
500°F
Yes (handwashing recommended)
Best Splurge Dutch Oven
Enameled cast iron
Porcelain enamel
500°F
Yes (handwashing recommended)

How We Chose the Best Nontoxic Cookware

To put this list together, we relied on a combination of hands-on testing, expert insight, and careful research. When possible, we tested cookware pieces in our own kitchens over the course of several weeks. We cooked our usual meals, paying attention to how the pans handled heat, how easy they were to clean, and ultimately how much we enjoyed using them. In cases where we were unable to test a product firsthand, we conducted in-depth research instead.

To help us better understand the nuances and implications related to this type of cookware, we consulted multiple experts, including:

What to Consider When Buying Nontoxic Cookware

  • Base Materials To minimize chemical exposure, our experts point to stainless steel, cast iron, carbon steel, and true ceramic as safer long-term options. According to Dr. Galbadage, these materials “do not rely on PFAS chemistry and therefore can pose fewer concerns related to persistent chemicals.”
  • What “PFAS-Free” Actually Means PFAS are defined differently under state, federal, and international laws, explains Edgren. Some brands use the term to mean “not intentionally added,” rather than “completely absent.” But that doesn’t mean that all PFAS-free claims are meaningless. Look for brands that clearly state what they’re excluding and how they define PFAS.
  • Heat Some nonstick coatings, like ceramic and nonstick, shouldn’t be used with high heat. McCormick and Dr. Li caution that overheating is what causes coatings to degrade. Once a nonstick or ceramic surface is scratched or flaking, it’s time for it to go. If you frequently cook at high heat, opt for cookware made of uncoated materials like stainless steel, carbon steel, and cast iron.

Why Choose PFAS-Free Cookware?

PFAS are a large group of manufactured chemicals found in many products, including some nonstick cookware. As mentioned above, exposure to certain PFAS has been associated with health concerns like changes in fertility, hormone disruption, and an increased risk of some cancers, though this is far from conclusive, and research is ongoing.

While choosing PFAS-free cookware is one way to limit a potential source of exposure, you cookare is hardly the only way you’ll encounter these chemicals. If avoiding PFAS is a priority for you, uncoated materials like stainless steel, cast iron, and carbon steel are good alternatives. Some ceramic-coated cookware is also made without PFAS, but because terms like “non-toxic” aren’t regulated, it’s worth doing your research into materials and coatings before you make a purchase.

What Does “Nontoxic Cookware” Actually Mean?

While it sounds official, the term “nontoxic cookware” is marketing language. “‘Nontoxic’ isn’t a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-regulated term in cookware, so it might signal a marketing claim rather than a verified safety standard,” says Galbadage. “‘Nontoxic’ and ‘eco-friendly’ are great marketing terms, but they are not universally defined, so it’s hard to understand exactly what the manufacturer is claiming about the product,” explains Edgren.

In practice, “nontoxic cookware,” usually refers to cookware made from materials that are stable at cooking temperatures and less likely to shed, flake, or break down into your food. If chemical exposure is a concern, you’re better off considering a pan’s base material, the type of coating (if any), and how you tend to cook in your day-to-day life.

Are Stainless Steel and Cast Iron Considered Nontoxic?

Generally, yes. “From a public health standpoint, the most reliable indicator of safety is the cookware’s base material,” Galbadage explains. He notes that “stainless steel, cast iron, carbon steel, and true ceramic do not rely on PFAS chemistry and therefore can pose fewer concerns related to these persistent chemicals.” Stainless steel and cast iron are considered nontoxic because they don’t rely on synthetic nonstick coatings. These materials are also extremely durable, and with proper care can last for years (or even decades) if you treat them well.

“[These] materials provide excellent durability and nonreactive performance when properly maintained and they can handle all cooking techniques. The ‘buy it once’ concept achieves its highest level of perfection through these materials,” says McCormick.

It’s worth noting that cast iron can leach small amounts of iron into food. While many may see this as a benefit, people who need to monitor their iron intake should keep this in mind.

Are All Nonstick Coatings Bad?

Not necessarily. When a pan is overheated, preheated empty on high, or scratched and flaking, nonstick and ceramic coatings can break down, releasing fumes or shedding particles, which is why experts recommend you avoid nonstick for high-heat cooking and replace your pans once the surface is damaged. “Once the surface is damaged — even with just a scratch, it’s time to replace it. Not only is it losing effectiveness, but the surface could be flaking off into your food,” says Edgren.

How Long Does Nontoxic Cookware Last?

How long your pans last depends on the materials and how you care for them. Stainless steel, cast iron, and carbon steel can all last for decades with proper care. Coated cookware — including ceramic and nonstick — tends to have a shorter lifespan. Ceramic coatings in particular can lose their nonstick properties over time. This process can be accelerated by things like cooking at high heat or cleaning them in the dishwasher.

How Do I Care for Nontoxic Cookware?

Most cookware issues will come down to overheating, improper cleaning, or using the wrong utensils. Even if a pan is marketed as dishwasher-safe, handwashing can help it last significantly longer, as it’s bound to be gentler on surfaces than the high heat of a typical dishwasher. “Even if it says ‘dishwasher safe,’ don’t do it! It will shorten the life of your product and quickly erode the coating,” Edgren says. Utensils also play a big role. Metal can scratch nonstick and ceramic coatings, so wood or silicone utensils are best.

FAQs

What are PFAS?
PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are a large class of synthetic chemicals used for their heat resistance and nonstick properties. “PFAS refers to the entire family of chemicals, which include millions of variations,” says Edgren. They’re often called “forever chemicals” because they don’t break down easily in the environment and have been linked to contamination of drinking water and food supplies.


“The marketing industry promotes ceramic-coated pans as clean cooking options, but these pans use coatings that can break down when exposed to high heat and through just regular use,” McCormick says. “The product remains safe when used correctly, but it doesn’t match marketing claims about being indestructible and chemical-free.”

Most ceramic cookware on the market today is made using sol-gel (solution-gel) ceramic, which is made from silica and other inorganic materials and doesn’t contain PFAS but can still degrade over time, especially at high heat. “The available data demonstrates these alternatives operate effectively under moderate temperatures, but their durability over time has not been proven,” McCormick adds.

This will depend entirely on the material. But most ceramic or nonstick cookware doesn’t do well at high temperatures, and using coated cookware above its temperature limits both shortens its lifespan and may increase your exposure risk. “Generally speaking, chemicals are more likely to migrate from cookware into food when the cookware is damaged or overheated,” Li says. “I get asked frequently what kind of cookware I use,” Edgren says. “It’s a nice mix of cast iron, stainless steel, and one ceramic-coated pan that my husband uses for eggs.”

Yes, but experts caution against overstating individual impact. “Beyond cookware, many exposures come from food packaging and storage. Heating food in plastic, using microwave-ready packaging, and grease-resistant takeout containers can all increase exposure to PFAS, bisphenols, and other chemicals. Storing or reheating food in glass or stainless steel is generally safer,” Galbadage says. “Most people’s exposure to PFAS comes from drinking water and the broader food supply, which are shaped by policy decisions rather than household behavior.” 

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Resources
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