The 13 Best Mosquito Repellents We Tested in 2026

We Tested 21 Mosquito Repellents to Protect You From Bites — Here Are the 13 That Actually Worked

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Mosquito season is here (especially in Florida, where I live), and that means it’s time to start being vigilant about preventing bug bites by protecting yourself. While the most common side effect of a mosquito bite is an itchy red bump, mosquitoes can also transmit dangerous diseases such as West Nile, Zika virus, and dengue fever.

 Moreover, some people react harshly to mosquito saliva, causing the area around the bite to swell, become hot, and spread. Those who are allergic to bug bites may go into anaphylactic shock.
You don’t have to stay indoors to protect yourself from mosquitoes. The great outdoors offers many physical and mental health benefits, and several mosquito repellents on the market are effective when used properly, allowing you to enjoy time outdoors without worrying about bug bites.

We tested various types of repellents — with and without DEET (aka diethyl toluamide), a chemical developed by the U.S. Army that’s widely used in insect repellents — analyzing their ease of application, effectiveness, ingredient quality, and smell.

 We also consulted with medical experts to learn more about mosquito repellents and what to do if a mosquito bites you. Keep reading to see our doctor-approved and editor-tested list of the best mosquito repellents.

When to Consult a Healthcare Provider

If a mosquito bites you and you suspect the bite has become infected, see a doctor right away. Hannah Kopelman, DO, chief medical officer at DermOnDemand, who practices in both New York City and Palm Beach County, Florida, says you can tell a bug bite is infected if “it becomes increasingly red, warm, tender, swollen, or starts draining pus.”

Additionally, if you experience swollen lymph nodes or a sudden fever, you should seek medical attention, according to Dr. Kopelman. “I always tell patients to watch for swelling that spreads beyond the bite site, difficulty breathing, hives, or dizziness — these could be signs of a systemic allergic reaction or even anaphylaxis, which is a medical emergency. Even localized allergic reactions that cause severe swelling (like lips or around the eyes) warrant medical attention.”

The Best Mosquito Repellents We Tested

Ben's 30 Tick Insect Repellent Pump Spray

Best With DEET

Ben’s Tick and Insect Repellent

Pros

  • More controlled spray field
  • Can pack in carry-on luggage
  • Remains effective for hours after application
  • Repels ticks, flies, and other pests

Cons

  • Noticeable unpleasant fragrance
  • Feels oily

Key Specs

  • Time effective: 7 hours
  • Active ingredient: DEET
  • Type: Pump spray
  • Use: Skin

With 30 percent DEET, Ben’s Tick and Insect Repellent will help keep mosquitoes, ticks, flies, and other things that creep and fly away for up to 10 hours — making it a great choice for those planning a daylong hike or other extended outdoor activity. Unlike aerosol sprays, pump sprays like this one dispense more directly and are less likely to be inhaled, which our tester appreciated.

The spray pump functions easily and dispenses a good amount of product with each pump. While it initially seems thick and oily — kind of like suntan oil — it quickly absorbs into the skin with a little rubbing. It has a strong fragrance at first, but the scent diminishes pretty soon after being applied. Most important, it proved extremely effective. After almost 12 hours outdoors, including at an outdoor concert, we didn’t have any mosquito bites.

As a bonus, the compact 3.4-ounce bottle is TSA-approved and fits easily in carry-on luggage.

Off! Botanicals Insect Repellent IV Spritz

Best Plant-Based

Off! Botanicals Plant-Based Repellent

Pros

  • No chemicals
  • Absorbs quickly
  • Compact size
  • Citronella scent

    Cons

    • Can’t be used on kids under 3
    • Needs to be reapplied frequently

    Key Specs: 

    • Time effective: 2 hours
    • Active ingredient: Oil of lemon eucalyptus
    • Type: Pump spray
    • Use: Skin
    This DEET-free, plant-based spray is also free of dyes and fragrances and features various natural bug-repelling scents. The main active ingredient is p-Menthane-3,8-diol, better known as oil of lemon eucalyptus, which is the only natural scent recognized by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as an effective mosquito repellent.

    Application with the pump spray was fairly easy and evenly covered exposed skin. It then needs to be rubbed in and spread around, which does leave a greasy residue on your hands that quickly washes away with water. While the spray appeared oily on the skin at first, it quickly absorbed and was dry to the touch a minute later. At the conclusion of a 2-hour hike in a wooded area with streams and creeks, we didn’t have any bites. After prolonged use, when not reapplied diligently, a bite was detected, but that’s to be expected. The bottle’s instructions recommend reapplying every 2 hours or after swimming, sweating, vigorous activity, or drying off.

    There was a noticeable citronella-esque scent upon application. Still, it was considerably fainter than the other natural repellents we tried, and hardly noticeable unless your nose was right up against the skin. Adults should note that this product should not be used on kids under 3 due to potential allergic reactions to certain essential oils.

    Avon skin so soft bug guard picaridin aersol spray

    Best With Picaridin

    Avon Skin-So-Soft Bug Guard Plus

    Pros

    • DEET-free
    • Gentle on sensitive skin
    • Moisturizing

      Cons

      • Greasy feeling
      • Fragrance might be too much for some 

      Key Specs

      • Time effective: 6 hours
      • Active ingredient: Picardin
      • Type: Aerosol spray
      • Use: Skin

      For those looking for another DEET-free alternative, mosquito repellents containing picaridin may be your best bet. According to Daniel Markowski, PhD, technical advisor for the American Mosquito Control Association, picaridin “is a synthetic repellent and has proven to be very effective against a number of mosquito species.” Avon’s oil-free picaridin-based insect repellent not only contains 10 percent picaridin but also boasts the addition of vitamin E to keep skin moisturized.

      Other benefits to picaridin-based products are that they’re often odorless and less likely to irritate sensitive skin, says Dr. Markowski, and many are as long-lasting as their DEET counterparts — three qualities we found to be true of Avon Skin-So-Soft Bug Guard Plus.

      When sprayed on the skin, it feels greasy, but that quickly disappears. There’s also a slight fragrance upon initial application, but it wafts away fairly quickly, leaving a light-feeling coverage overall and no concern about staining clothing.

      When worn for hours in the evening, sitting on the grass at soccer practice, and by a pool on a different day, we didn’t receive any bug bites, including from mosquitoes. Reapply every 6 hours for mosquitoes, and more frequently for protection against blackflies.

      Sawyer Products premium repellent for clothing, gear, tents

      Best for Clothing

      Sawyer Premium Insect Repellent Clothing, Gear & Tents

      Pros

      • Highly effective against mosquitoes when applied to clothing
      • Lasts for up to 6 weeks or 6 washes
      • Does not damage synthetic fabrics or other gear
      • Allows for skin to remain free of topical repellents

        Cons

        • Must be applied to clothing and allowed to dry completely before wearing
        • Repeated washes or prolonged sun exposure may reduce effectiveness

        Key Specs

        • Time effective: 6 weeks or 6 washes
        • Active ingredient: Permethrin
        • Type: Spray
        • Use: Clothing, camping gear, outdoor furniture
        Sawyer’s permethrin fabric treatment is specifically designed for application to clothing and gear, providing an extra layer of protection against mosquitoes.

         It has a 0.5 percent concentration, which Kseniya Kobets, MD, director of cosmetic dermatology at Montefiore Einstein Advanced Care in New York, says is effective for clothing. You should note that if you want full-body protection, you’ll also need to apply a skin-safe repellent.
        This product works by creating a barrier that repels and can even kill insects upon contact. When mosquitoes come into contact with clothing or gear treated with permethrin, it affects their nervous system, leading to disorientation, paralysis, and ultimately death.

        Once the application to clothing has dried, which typically takes a few hours but could take longer if you’re in a humid environment, the treatment is effective for up to 6 weeks or 6 washes, making it convenient for camping trips when you’re spending extended time outdoors.

        I had the opportunity to test this product and it definitely keeps the bugs away. I tried it on my patio furniture, which tends to get overcome by bugs on a nightly basis. After a single application, I was thrilled that there wasn’t a single trace of any bug. I never had to reapply it, and weeks later, it’s still working.

        Cutter Lemon Eucalyptus deet free spray

        Best With Oil of Lemon Eucalyptus

        Cutter Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent

        Pros

        • Effective protection against mosquitoes for up to 6 hours
        • Refreshing lemon eucalyptus scent
        • Chemical-free formulation

          Cons

          • Some note a slightly oily or sticky residue on the skin
          • Reapplication may be needed more frequently

          Key Specs

          • Time effective: 6 hours
          • Active ingredient: Oil of lemon eucalyptus
          • Type: Pump spray
          • Use: Skin
          For those seeking a DEET-free repellent derived from a botanical source, look no further than Cutter Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent. One of the key features of this pump spray is its scent, which our research notes has a “citronella-like aroma.” This spray utilizes a 30 percent concentration of oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE/PMD). It’s not just a pleasant scent that makes this a great pick for outdoor adventures; it has proven efficacy in deterring mosquitoes and other flying insects.

          “I actually really like this option for people who want a botanical alternative,” says Kopelman. “I’ve had patients who swear by it — and the data supports that it can be quite effective. It’s a great pick if you’re looking for something plant-based but still potent.” Dr. Kobets is also a fan of this product, adding, “OLE/PMD has a strong mosquito protection.” It works by masking human odors that attract mosquitoes and repelling them with the PMD (p-Menthane-3,8-diol) scent.


          NatPat buzz patch mosquito patch sticker

          Best for Kids

          NatPat Natural Mosquito Repellent Stickers

          Pros

          • Sticks to clothes, not skin
          • Colorful and appealing to kids
          • Made with essential oils
          • Mess-free

              Cons

              • Unpleasant smell
              • Easy to remove by curious hands

              Key Specs

              • Time effective: 8 hours
              • Active ingredient: Citronella essential oil
              • Type: Sticker
              • Use: Clothing

              Kids love playing outdoors in the warm months, and with all that time outside, they can become targets for mosquitoes. Bug bites are unpleasant for adults, and doubly so for our kids. NatPat Natural Mosquito Repellent Patches are a safe, nontoxic, and hassle-free alternative for keeping pests away. These bright stickers use natural essential oils and adhere to clothing, avoiding any chemical contact with the skin.

              Editor Ashley Ziegler tested the product with her kids and says, “I like how easy it is — just stick the sticker to my kids’ clothes and the application is done. Having to spray them down with bug spray can be unpleasant.” However, they do emit a strong smell, so if your kiddos are sensitive to strong scents, this might not be the product for them.

              Zevo On body mosquito tick repellent

              Best for Camping

              Zevo On Body Mosquito+Tick Repellent Pump Spray

              Pros

              • Ultra-light on the skin
              • Travels well without leaking
              • Zero odor
              • Concentrated spray

              Cons

              • Initial fragrance
              • Pump may sometimes clog

              Key Specs

              • Time effective: 8 hours
              • Active ingredient: IR3535
              • Type: Pump spray
              • Use: Skin

              Being an outdoor enthusiast in Florida, I’ve tried many bug repellents over the years for outdoor adventures, like camping. Plus, I live on the edge of a wooded area, so my backyard has hosted entire conventions of mosquitoes. The bug sprays I’ve tried usually have a strong, unpleasant odor, and the minute I come back inside, I want to shower.

              The exception has been Zevo On Body Mosquito+Tick Repellent Pump Spray. I love everything about it. There is no nasty, lingering odor, just a slight chemical scent when first applied. It goes away very quickly, and the spray seems to evaporate off the skin, leaving no trace it’s there. But the lack of bug bites or even bug activity around me, whether I was in the backyard or at a track meet, told me all I needed to know: this stuff is the real deal.

              Off Adults Kids Aersol insect repellent

              Best Spray

              Off! Clean Feel Insect Repellent I Aerosol

              Pros

              • No fragrance
              • Feels like you’re not wearing anything
              • Good for sensitive skin

                Cons

                • May leave skin shiny
                • Aerosol spray mechanism may not apply evenly every time

                Key Specs

                • Time effective: 8 hours
                • Active ingredient: Picaridin
                • Type: Aerosol spray
                • Use: Skin

                Off! Clean Feel Insect Repellent I Aerosol is a favorite because it’s an effective mosquito repellent that applies easily, feels like nothing, and doesn’t contain DEET. Instead, it has 20 percent picaridin, a synthetic compound that mimics a compound found in black pepper that effectively repels mosquitoes and other biting insects.

                 Picaridin is also included on the Environmental Protection Agency’s list of approved skin-applied insect repellents.

                The aerosol sprays on as easily as sunscreen. It’s so lightweight that we hardly noticed it was on our skin, and we barely had to rub it in for even application. While many similar products claim to be fragrance-free, this one actually proved that claim from the start. There was no oily or sticky residue left behind, and even the kids didn’t mind having it applied. It also held up well against sweat. After wearing it at a park known for attracting ticks and mosquitoes, and after hiking in a heavily forested area surrounded by several small bodies of water, no bites were detected.

                This spray is also one of Cossey’s favorites. Though she notes, “It does leave you shiny (not greasy),” she also says, “I definitely see my family incorporating this repellent into our regular routine because it’s lightweight and nongreasy. I like how it left my skin shiny, but not sticky.”

                Sawyer Products Picaridin insect repellent

                Best Lotion

                Sawyer Picaridin Insect Repellent Lotion

                Pros

                • Absorbs quickly
                • No tacky feeling
                • Easy to catch missed skin
                • Feels like regular body lotion

                  Cons

                  • Takes longer to apply
                  • Must be applied under clothes

                  Key Specs

                  • Time effective: 14 hours
                  • Active ingredient: Picaridin
                  • Type: Lotion
                  • Use: Skin

                  This superlong-lasting lotion bug repellent offers up to 14 hours of protection, making it ideal for long camping days (and nights). It’s also a fantastic option for those looking for a DEET-free mosquito repellent as it contains 20 percent picaridin.

                  The application was super easy, and, surprisingly, felt like regular body lotion — not too thick and creamy and not too light and watery. The white color made it easy to know if we missed any spots on the skin. There was no tacky or greasy feeling left after rubbing it in, and it absorbed quickly. However, Cossey points out, “This isn’t against the product specifically, but lotion can take longer to apply versus a spray. It just depends on the time you have.”

                  Despite an initial faint odor, the lotion was pretty much fragrance-free the whole day, which is ideal for sensitive noses. The lotion also felt easier to reapply than the spray versions since there was no concern of inhaling chemicals in this form.

                  When asked if she would incorporate this in her regular routine, Cossey reports, “Yes! We'll use this until it’s empty. The formula isn’t heavy, and no one in my family had any type of bug bites after wearing it for hours while fishing.”

                  Repel Insect Repellent Sportsmen max formula

                  Best Long-Lasting

                  Repel Sportsmen Max 40% Deet Insect Repellent

                  Pros

                  • Lasts for up to 8 hours
                  • Minimal scent
                  • Not as greasy as other long-lasting brands
                  • Sweatproof

                    Cons

                    • A little sticky
                    • Not for sensitive skin

                    Key Specs

                    • Time effective: 8 hours
                    • Active ingredient: DEET
                    • Type: Aerosol spray
                    • Use: Skin

                    If you’re planning to be outdoors for a long time or doing activities like hiking and camping, you’ll probably want to look for a long-lasting repellent that won’t need to be reapplied as often. The Repel Sportsmen Max contains 40 percent DEET, meaning it should be effective for up to 8 hours. “Protection time provided by repellents is determined by the amount of active ingredient in the formulation,” says Markowski. “Ten percent DEET-based repellent will typically last 90 minutes or so, while a 30 percent product will last 5 to 6 hours.”

                    While there are products on the market with even higher DEET concentrations than the 40 percent in the Repel Sportsmen Max, we found they didn’t show a marked difference in effectiveness and erred toward the one with less DEET rather than more. This particular formula was developed specifically for outdoor activities like fishing, golfing, camping, and hiking, and is advertised as sweat-resistant, which we found to be true.

                    The spray nozzle made it fairly easy to get a fine, even spray, and, considering how much DEET it contains, the odor is minimal. While the product initially comes out noticeably stickier than other products that are either DEET-free or contain less DEET, it doesn’t stay that way. The thickness of the spray makes it feel like a literal physical barrier is forming between your skin and the bugs that want to bite it. The bottle is pretty large, so it wouldn’t be the one you toss in your backpack for a long hike, but it might be one to leave at the campsite instead.

                    Nat Pat Baby buzz mosquito repellent spray

                    Best for Travel

                    NatPat BuzzSpray Insect Repellent

                    Pros

                    • Safe for kids 2 and up
                    • All-natural ingredients
                    • Protects sensitive skin
                    • Pleasant smell

                      Cons

                      • Small size means it runs out quickly
                      • Essential oils may cause skin irritation for some

                      Key Specs

                      • Time effective: 6 hours
                      • Active ingredient: Eucalyptus citriodora oil
                      • Type: Spray
                      • Use: Skin

                      The NatPat Baby Buzz Spray Mosquito Repellent is travel-friendly and easy to tuck into any bag. The bottle reminds us of some hand sanitizers, making it convenient to apply and reapply often throughout the day. The brand, known for only using all-natural ingredients, takes the mess out of carrying repellent.

                      Cossey also tested Baby Buzz and says, “I love this product and everything about it! Its bottle resembles the shape of a trendy hand sanitizer. Plus, it’s convenient and small enough to stuff in a bag.” She also appreciated the smell, adding, “You can tell it includes natural ingredients like lemon and eucalyptus.” 

                      Ben's Insect repellent wipes deet

                      Best Wipes

                      Ben’s Insect Repellent Wipes

                      Pros

                      • Convenient and portable, ideal for travel or on the go
                      • Allows for precise application, especially for the face and neck
                      • Water-based formula evaporates more slowly

                        Cons

                        • Direct hand contact with DEET is unavoidable during application
                        • May not be ideal for full-body coverage

                        Key Specs

                        • Time effective: 7 hours
                        • Active ingredient: DEET
                        • Type: Wipes
                        • Use: Skin

                        We love the convenience of these insect repellent wipes, especially for people who don’t like the feel of an aerosol or pump spray on their skin. “Wipes can work well when you’re on the go or applying to kids, but I find they’re sometimes too light for high-exposure situations,” says Kopelman. The 30 percent DEET formulation provides reliable, durable protection for up to 7 hours against a variety of disease-carrying insects, including mosquitoes, ticks, flies, chiggers, and fleas. The formula is alcohol-free and water-based, which means it evaporates more slowly than alcohol-based formulas.

                        It’s worth noting that they may not provide full-body coverage for adults, and aside from wearing gloves, there’s no way to prevent DEET from getting on your hands during application.

                        Thermacell E Zoneguard patio rechargable mosquito repellent

                        Best Device

                        Thermacell E-Series Rechargeable Mosquito Repeller

                        Pros

                        • Creates a scent-free and spray-free zone of protection, reducing the need for skin application
                        • Rechargeable battery offers convenient portability and reuse
                        • Quiet operation with no open flame or direct skin contact

                        Cons

                        • Effectiveness can be reduced in windy conditions
                        • Only intended for stationary use in an area

                        Key Specs

                        • Time effective: 6.5 hours
                        • Active ingredient: Metofluthrin
                        • Type: Device
                        • Use: Outdoors

                        This innovative device creates a protective zone against mosquitoes, offering an alternative to traditional topical repellents. The device is a spatial repellent, meaning it protects an area rather than an individual.

                        This product operates by heating a repellent mat infused with metofluthrin, which is a synthetic insecticide.

                         Once heated, it releases an invisible, odorless vapor that deters mosquitoes in an outdoor space.

                        We love that this device is user-friendly and that it features a rechargeable battery. Plus, each 12-hour metofluthrin liquid refill cartridge is easy to order and stock up on, ensuring your device is always ready to use throughout the summer on patios, backyards, and porches.

                        Comparison Chart

                        Superlative
                        Time Effective
                        Active Ingredient
                        Type
                        Use
                        Best with DEET
                        7 hours
                        DEET
                        Pump spray
                        Skin
                        Best plant-based
                        2 hours
                        Oil of lemon eucalyptus
                        Pump spray
                        Skin
                        Best with picaridin
                        6 hours
                        Picaridin
                        Aerosol spray
                        Skin
                        Best for clothing
                        6 weeks or 6 washes
                        Permethrin
                        Spray
                        Fabric
                        Best with oil of lemon eucalyptus
                        6 hours
                        Oil of lemon eucalyptus
                        Pump spray
                        Skin
                        Best for kids
                        8 hours
                        Citronella essential oil
                        Sticker
                        Clothing
                        Best for camping
                        8 hours
                        IR3535
                        Pump spray
                        Skin
                        Best spray
                        8 hours
                        Picaridin
                        Aerosol spray
                        Skin
                        Best lotion
                        14 hours
                        Picaridin
                        Lotion
                        Skin
                        Best long-lasting
                        8 hours
                        DEET
                        Aerosol spray
                        Skin
                        Best for travel
                        6 hours
                        Eucalyptus citriodora oil
                        Aerosol spray
                        Skin
                        Best wipes
                        7 hours
                        DEET
                        Wipes
                        Skin
                        Best device
                        6.5 hours
                        Metofluthrin
                        Device
                        Outdoors

                        We Also Tested

                        We tested more than 20 mosquito repellents, and there were a couple that didn’t make our official list but are worth mentioning:

                        • For those who prefer a natural bug spray, Natrapel Lemon Eucalyptus Tick & Insect Repellent is a wonderful alternative. It smells great, is easy to apply, and leaves a little trace on the skin. It can also work well for families with children since it doesn’t contain any added chemicals. Unfortunately, it doesn’t dry quickly and leaves skin feeling slightly sticky.
                        • The Royal Robbins Women's Expedition III L/S shirt provides mosquito protection thanks to its tightly woven fabric. However, it’s still best to use extra protection via sprays, lotions, or other mosquito repellents as a precaution.
                        • I also tested a WeatherPod Bug Screen Pop-Up Pod (the 2-person MegaMesh, to be exact, but the 4-person pod fits more people). It made a huge difference on my back porch, which faces a wooded area. The netting lets air through but is close-knit enough to keep bugs of any size out. Setup is incredibly easy, but taking it down is the opposite. I haven’t figured out how to fold it yet (despite watching the brand’s how-to video), and I’m afraid of breaking the rods in the process.

                        How We Tested the Mosquito Repellents

                        As the weather continues to warm and with summer break fast approaching, we know that more people will be venturing outdoors. Hiking, biking, and camping are among the most popular activities people enjoy during the summer. We wanted to make sure you’re prepared so you don’t have to come back from an adventure with bug bites. Since there is always a risk of disease or virus transmission between mosquitoes and ticks, it’s better to be safe than sorry.

                        We tested a total of 21 mosquito repellents for over a month, analyzing them on their effectiveness, smell, ingredients, and overall application. I also drew on my own experience over the years as an outdoor lover living in mosquito-ridden Florida.

                        We also consulted with the following experts to learn more about what to look for in mosquito repellents, mosquito-borne illnesses, and more:

                        • Hannah Kopelman, DO, chief medical officer at DermOnDemand, who practices in both New York City and Palm Beach County, Florida
                        • Kseniya Kobets, MD, director of cosmetic dermatology at Montefiore Einstein Advanced Care in New York
                        • Daniel Markowski, PhD, technical advisor for the American Mosquito Control Association
                        • Louisa Messenger, PhD, entomologist, malaria expert, and professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Public Health
                        • David Li, MD, a board-certified dermatologist with APDerm in Boston

                        What to Look for When Buying a Mosquito Repellent

                        As with all things, only you can decide what’s best for you and your family. However, there are certain factors to consider before setting out in search of mosquito repellent.

                        • Ingredients: When shopping for a mosquito repellent, focus on the formula’s active ingredients and ensure you consider only those approved by the CDC and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “The CDC only recommends ingredients shown to decrease disease transmission without skin irritation,” says Kobets. She notes that EPA-approved ingredients have been deemed safe for the environment, which is another factor to prioritize.
                        • Duration of protection: Products that last for at least 6 to 8 hours are the gold standard to prevent overapplication, according to Kobets.
                        • Use: Direct skin application is typically the norm for repellents. Depending on the activity and the time you’re spending outdoors, you may want to consider adding products that go over skin and gear.
                        • Application type: The most popular application types for mosquito repellents come in sprays, lotions, and wipes. For sprays, apply in a slow sweeping motion from 6 to 8 inches away to ensure even coverage, or apply to your hands first, then rub on like lotion. Most products have application instructions on their packaging, so make sure to read and follow those for the greatest effectiveness. Always make sure you’re in a well-ventilated space when applying. If you’re using a lotion, dispense it onto your hands, then spread it evenly on your skin. For wipes, wipe gently and evenly on exposed skin.

                        What Active Ingredients in Mosquito Repellents Are EPA-Approved?

                        According to Louisa Messenger, PhD, entomologist, malaria expert, and professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Public Health, “People should look for a recognized active ingredient or insecticide that is approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,” with the most popular options being:

                        • DEET
                        • Picaridin
                        • IR3535
                        • Oil of citronella
                        • p-Menthane-3,8-diol
                        • Oil of lemon eucalyptus

                        Repellents containing essential oils should not be used on children under 3 years old, as they may have an allergic reaction to the concentrates of the oils on their skin.

                        Dr. Messenger also says to consider what situation or activities you’ll be doing when using the repellent. “For example, will you be swimming or sweating? Do you want the repellent to last the entire day, or will you be able to easily reapply it often?” Those who want a longer-lasting mosquito repellent that won’t need to be reapplied as often should choose products with higher concentrations of active ingredients such as DEET or picaridin. 

                        Are Sprays or Lotions Better?

                        Most of the experts we spoke to agreed that sprays are the best choice for covering large swaths of skin, but also cautioned people to be careful about inhalation during application. “Sprays are great for full-body and clothing use,” says Kobets. David Li, MD, a board-certified dermatologist with APDerm in Boston, prefers sprays because they can be applied directly to clothing rather than to the skin, which may get irritated. “They’re easy to apply evenly and reapply throughout the day,” adds Kopelman.

                        Lotions are easy to apply to large areas, especially bare legs and arms, and may provide more even coverage. Messenger says they’re also less likely to be inhaled. However, “lotions can be messier to apply.”

                        Overall, it comes down to personal preference and how likely you are to use the product as intended.

                        What Is the Best Way to Apply Mosquito Repellent?

                        When applying mosquito repellent to bare skin, always avoid any wounds or cuts and consider skin sensitivity to active ingredients. “Some patients get irritant dermatitis to both compounds [picaridin and DEET], so consider applying onto clothing rather than direct skin, unless you’ve used it on skin before and didn’t have any issues,” says Dr. Li. “Both picaridin and DEET are designed to work on skin or clothing.”

                        When applying mosquito repellent on children, never spray it directly on their skin. Instead, spray it onto your hands first, then spread it on the child to minimize any risk of inhalation.

                        FAQs

                        1What is the best way to repel mosquitoes?

                        Female mosquitoes seek out human odors (like sweat and perfume) to find their next meal, so anything that helps mask our scents will help keep the pesky bugs away. All of our experts recommend using products that contain DEET or picaridin, ideally, or oil of lemon eucalyptus, to help with this.

                        Yes, while DEET may be the “gold standard” for bug sprays because it is longer-lasting and harder for bugs to penetrate, there are several alternatives. Some products contain picardin or oil of lemon eucalyptus, which have proven to be effective in fending off mosquitoes and other pesky bugs.


                        The CDC doesn’t list citronella as a known repellent against mosquitoes. The most effective CDC-approved botanical ingredient is OLE/PMD. 

                        It isn’t recommended. Swimming will wash away the product, and you may not realize you are no longer protected until it’s too late. Plus, DEET isn’t the greatest for fish or other aquatic wildlife if you’re swimming in a natural body of water.

                        The CDC doesn’t list Citronella as a known repellent against mosquitoes. The most effective EPA-approved botanical ingredient is OLE/PMD.


                        According to the CDC, you should eliminate standing water where mosquitoes lay eggs; remove leaves and other yard waste that can collect water; and ensure windows and doors have intact screens without rips, tears, or holes to prevent mosquitoes from entering your home.

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                        Esther Carlstone

                        Author

                        Esther Carlstone is a writer and editor who primarily covers health, parenting, travel, and women's lifestyle. Her work has appeared in Health, Parents, US News & World Report, Wha...

                        Ross Radusky, MD

                        Medical Reviewer

                        Ross Radusky, MD, is a practicing board-certified dermatologist at the Dermatology Treatment and Research Center in Dallas. Originally from New York City, he graduated summa cum la...

                        Orlando de Guzman

                        Fact-Checker

                        Orlando de Guzman is a writer and editor with expertise in health and environmental news. He has a background in investigative and science journalism and has worked on documentary ...

                        Katrina Cossey

                        Katrina Cossey

                        Editor and Tester

                        Katrina Cossey is a writer and editor with over 10 years of experience in broadcast and service journalism. Over her career, she’s covered topics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, new...

                        Ashley Ziegler

                        Tester

                        Ashley Ziegler is a full-time writer with extensive experience covering women’s health, babies' and kids' health, mental health, and wellness. Her work has appeared on websites inc...

                        Alexandra Klausner

                        Tester

                        Alexandra Klausner is a freelance health writer and editor with over 10 years of journalism experience. Prior to going freelance, she worked as a reporter and editor at the New Yor...

                        Samantha Johnstone

                        Tester
                        EDITORIAL SOURCES
                        Everyday Health follows strict sourcing guidelines to ensure the accuracy of its content, outlined in our editorial policy. We use only trustworthy sources, including peer-reviewed studies, board-certified medical experts, patients with lived experience, and information from top institutions.
                        Resources
                        1. About Mosquitoes in the United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. June 4, 2024.
                        2. Coventry PA et al. Nature-based outdoor activities for mental and physical health: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SSM - Population Health. October 1, 2021.
                        3. N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide. PubChem.
                        4. Mosquito-Borne Disease in Workers. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March 4, 2026.
                        5. Saavedra-Rodriguez K et al. Permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti: Genomic variants that confer knockdown resistance, recovery, and death. PLoS Genetics. June 17, 2021.
                        6. Vang A et al. Evaluation of surface versus total permethrin content in permethrin-treated clothing: Implications for protection against mosquitoes. Pathogens and Global Health. January 17, 2022.
                        7. Yavasoglu SI et al. Novo plant-based mosquito repellent shows promise for exclusion of Aedes mosquitoes from “window” entry. Journal of Medical Entomology. January 13, 2025.
                        8. Picaridin Fact Sheet. National Pesticide Information Center.
                        9. Evaporation Sensation. American Chemical Society - Chemistry for Life.
                        10. Bernier UR et al. A combined experimental-computational approach for spatial protection efficacy assessment of controlled release devices against mosquitoes (Anopheles). PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. March 11, 2019.
                        11. Skin-Applied Repellent Ingredients. Environmental Protection Agency. January 23, 2026.
                        12. Mosquito Control at Home. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. April 16, 2024.