Retinaldehyde 101: Benefits, Side Effects, and How to Add It to Your Routine

In the world of anti-aging products, retinoids rule. Research shows these vitamin A derivatives can smooth fine lines and wrinkles, fight acne, and create a more even complexion. One increasingly popular type is retinaldehyde, also known as retinal (not to be confused with the less-potent form, retinol).

“There has been great innovation in topical retinoids in recent years, and we’re now seeing retinaldehyde appear more often in formulas,” says Noëlle S. Sherber, MD, a board-certified dermatologist and a clinical associate professor of dermatology at George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences in Washington, DC.

Here’s what to know about retinaldehyde, how it compares with other forms of vitamin A, and how to add it to your skin-care routine.

Other Forms of Vitamin A

To put this in perspective, “Retinaldehyde is only one conversion step away from retinoic acid, making it a quite potent OTC retinoid,” says Sherber.

How Retinaldehyde Works in the Skin

Once retinaldehyde converts to retinoic acid, it gets to work in the skin. “Skin cells and sebaceous cells (oil glands) have receptors for retinoic acid,” says Lauren Fine, MD, a board-certified dermatologist with Fine Dermatology in Chicago.

Benefits of Retinaldehyde

Less Acne

If you have mild to moderate acne, consider trying a retinaldehyde product. “We know that retinaldehyde helps fight those early open and closed comedones, one of the earliest forms of acne. Enhancing skin cell turnover also helps normalize skin in the early stages of acne,” explains Suzanne Friedler, MD, a board-certified dermatologist with Advanced Dermatology in New York City.

Smoother, More Even Skin

Retinaldehyde may help you achieve that glow-from-within skin. “Retinaldehyde will help keep pores clear and will speed skin cell turnover for a smoother and more even complexion,” says Sherber. “This is a great ingredient for improving skin texture and tone if used correctly.”

Better Hydration

Fewer Wrinkles

Side Effects of Retinaldehyde

Companies often market retinaldehyde as a less-irritating form of retinol than retinoic acid, says Fine. But it’s likely not as effective at decreasing the signs of wrinkles and pigmentation as the prescription topical, she says. Fortunately, there are ways to buffer side effects (more on this below).

Make sure skin conditions like rosacea, eczema, or psoriasis are well controlled before you introduce retinol products, including retinaldehyde, Fine says. “If you begin from a place where your skin barrier is compromised, it will only become more irritated.” If your skin is in a good place, start the application slowly and consult your dermatologist.

How to Add Retinaldehyde to Your Routine

Start by using retinaldehyde products two to three times per week, says Friedler. As your skin adapts, you can increase the frequency of application. It’s okay to use retinaldehyde daily, as long as you aren’t experiencing irritation.

Use retinaldehyde at night, Friedler says. “They can be deactivated by sunlight, as well as make your skin more sensitive to the sun.” Be sure to use a sunscreen with at least SPF 30 in the morning to protect against this extra sun sensitivity.

Apply a chocolate chip–size amount of product to your skin, Friedler suggests. Avoid layering it with other exfoliants like glycolic or lactic acid or vitamin C. To decrease the potential for flakiness, apply a water-based hydrator (a clear or milky serum containing glycerin or hyaluronic acid) after cleansing, then the retinaldehyde product, and then follow up with a moisturizer on top, says Sherber.

The Takeaway

• Retinaldehyde is one of the strongest topical vitamin A derivatives you can buy over the counter.
• Retinaldehyde can reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, fight acne, and boost skin radiance. It’s less potent than retinoic acid (or prescriptions such as tretinoin), but it is helpful for people with sensitive skin or those prone to dryness.
• Side effects can include redness, flakiness, or dryness. Use caution if you have an underlying skin or health condition. It’s not recommended during pregnancy. Talk to your doctor before adding it to your routine.
• When you do use retinaldehyde, apply a chocolate chip–size amount of product to your face at night, followed by a moisturizer.