Uncommon illnesses caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites fall under the category of rare infectious diseases. These illnesses are often caused by unique pathogens that affect very few people, but can have severe consequences for those infected. Many rare infectious diseases originate in specific geographical regions or environmental conditions, and can possibly be prevented with caution and proper hygiene. Others, such as measles and pertussis, have become rare in the developed world, though outbreaks can still occur.
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FAQ
Can rare infectious diseases be cured?
Not always. Bacterial infections, such as tetanus and diphtheria, may respond well to antibiotics. But viral infections, such as Zika virus or Mpox, cannot be treated directly, and treatment will revolve around managing symptoms.
Are rare infectious diseases becoming more common?
Possibly. Climate change and increased global travel may be allowing rare infectious diseases to spread more readily. And some previously rare diseases, such as measles, are rebounding as vaccination rates fall in certain communities.
Are infections more common in certain areas?
Serious infectious diseases are somewhat more common in warm and tropical parts of the world, especially in areas lacking good sanitation, but may occur anywhere.
If I’m traveling to an outbreak area, how can I prevent infection?
Government travel advisories promote the best practices for reducing infection risks. Depending on how the disease is transmitted, you may be asked to avoid untreated drinking water, specific foods, mosquitoes, or some other disease vector.
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Resources
Traveler's Guide To Avoiding Infectious Diseases. Medline Plus. November 19, 2023.
